Katim Coffee characteristics, Katim Coffee planting

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3846 seeds per kilogram in cool sun for 2 months. There were about 5000 seeds in cool sun for 5 months, the germination rate was more than 95% in two months after seed production, 85% in three months, became weak after three months, and most seeds lost their germination rate after six months. The resistance to leaf rust is sub-immune type or extremely high resistance type, and its plant type is compact, and it has a certain inhibitory effect on longicorn beetles that mostly lay eggs in the bare parts of branches, with high yield, no prominent phenomenon in size and year, and excellent quality. This variety has been the main variety in coffee production since planting.

Key points of cultivation

The field management measures are suitable for the management of general small-grain coffee. Propagation method: adopt seed propagation, select 5-year-old fine mother tree, harvest fully mature, fruit shape is normal, full, size is basically the same, with two-seed fruit as seed, using sand bed to promote germination, plastic bag seedling.

Selection of suitable forest land

The annual mean temperature is 19-21 ℃ years, the accumulated temperature of annual ≥ 10 ℃ is more than 6800 ℃, the coldest monthly mean temperature is more than 11.5 ℃, the absolute lowest temperature is above 1 ℃, the coldest monthly mean temperature is ≥ 11.5 ℃, the monthly mean temperature of ≤ 13 ℃ is more than two months, the extremely lowest general year is more than 0 ℃, and some years appear areas of-1 ℃ or short-2 ℃. The annual rainfall is ≥ 1100mm below 1200m above sea level, and the soil should be fertile loam, loose soil, good drainage, PH value 66.5and slope less than 25 °, so as to avoid planting in the depression where cold air is easy to deposit.

Forest land reclamation

Coffee is a long-term economic crop, woodland reclamation must be long-term planning, good planning, before reclamation must do a good job of road, shed, fertilizer pool design. When reclaiming woodland, shade trees should be selected to make the coffee woodland after planting have 30% shade, and then adjust to 20%. In planning and design, we must do a good job in the planning and reclamation of horizontal terraces and terraces, which is not only the primary task of soil and water conservation, but also an important work to bring convenience to field management after planting. Trenching, with the specification of upper mouth width × depth × bottom width 60 × 50 × 40cm, will be reclaimed before the end of November to the end of March of the following year.

Apply sufficient base fertilizer

3000-4000kg high quality organic fertilizer per mu, phosphate fertilizer 80-120kg returned to the hole 15 days before planting (organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and soil were mixed well and applied into the planting ditch).

Strong seedling planting

Select seedlings with robust growth, close to branches or 3 pairs of branches, stout main stem, stem diameter above 0.4cm, and no curved root. The irrigated land can be planted in advance (February-March), and the planting row spacing depends on the topographic environment, usually planting 330mi 420 plants per mu.

Water and fertilizer management

Topdressing management: the average amount of fertilizer applied to young plants was 3-5kg of organic fertilizer, 50g of calcium magnesium phosphorus, 100g of urea and 50g of compound fertilizer. The average amount of fertilizer applied to adult plants was 7-10kg of organic fertilizer, 100g of urea, 150g of compound fertilizer, 50g of calcium magnesium phosphorus and 150g of potassium sulfate. Combined with growing period, flowering period, strong fruit, overwintering fertilizer 3Mel was applied for 5 times. If deficiency of trace elements occurs, attention should be paid to the application of compensation.

Water conservancy irrigation: coffee is a shallow root crop, and its flowering season is in the dry season in our province. Soil moisture and atmospheric humidity in the field seriously affect the quality of flowering, the development of floral organs and the formation of young fruits. Sufficient water, consistent flowering, high fruit setting rate, good fruit growth and development, otherwise poor, or even cause withered branches, the planted young trees will die because of drought. It is suggested that all new development areas should choose places with more convenient water sources and try their best to create conditions to solve the facilities of furrow irrigation and drip irrigation.

Shaded trees and ground cover

Coffee is a semi-shaded tree species, it is recommended to establish a moderate shade degree of 30%. In the site environment of growing coffee in our province, it is generally difficult to solve the problem of water conservancy and irrigation. the water season is in the dry season, and it is also the season to compete with other crops for water. It is not easy to rely on irrigation to meet the water demand in the coffee field. It is necessary to loosen the soil in time after the end of the rainy season and use ground dead cover and plastic film mulching (infancy).

Pruning and shaping

The use of single or double rod non-shaping, cut off excess erect branches, retain a strong branch and an appropriate amount of second or third branches, remove weak and disorderly branches, and keep the tree ventilated and transparent.

8. Pest control

Mainly pest control, the first three years after planting is mainly to control coffee longicorn beetles and bark moth, using long-acting insecticides to dry, spray-dry control, from May to July every year. The adult coffee garden is mainly used to control the coffee longicorn beetles, which is controlled by drug spray drying (April-September). Properly through shade, fertilization to enhance the tree potential. After fruit harvest, the branches were repaired and destroyed, the wild hosts around the coffee garden were removed, and the damage of coffee root pink scale and green scale insects were monitored.

Weeding and loosening the soil

Keep the planting coffee belt clean, weed must be removed, and loosen the soil of the whole garden at the end of the rainy season.

Timely harvest

To achieve timely harvest of red ripe fruit.

Wet processing

Suitable site selection, deep trough and fertilizer, strong seedling planting, reasonable close planting, appropriate shading, nutrition diagnosis, formula fertilization, water conservancy irrigation, pruning and shaping, weeding and loosening soil, dead cover, pest control, fruit harvest.