An introduction to China's Coffee Industry on how to put the quality of Yunnan Coffee on track in recent years

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Yunnan small-grain coffee, that is, Arabica coffee, now belongs to an awkward position in the international market as well as in China. For example, coffee shops rank low in individual coffee, and the cheapest coffee is Yunnan coffee. This is an issue that cannot be avoided.

Yunnan can be said to be the only province still growing Arabica on a large scale, mainly in Dehong Lincang, Baoshan, western Yunnan and Pu'er Banna in southern Yunnan. Robusta was the main coffee introduced by missionaries in the 19th century, and then it was no longer planted on a large scale. Experts assisted by the Soviet Union brought two mainstream Arabica varieties, typica and Bourbon bourbon, to Baoshan, Yunnan, for cultivation and promotion, which were well received. Later, due to the special period, scientific research and cultivation tended to stagnate. After the reform and opening up, thanks to the efforts of local agricultural experts, the iron pickup varieties cultivated by Baoshan state-run Lujiang Farm and Xincheng Youth Farm also won the first place in the international coffee competition. However, the Chinese people's understanding of coffee, so that we do not increase too much interest in growing. Since the early 1990s, in order to improve the enthusiasm of farmers, Baoshan Rezuo has introduced a Katim variety bred by the Portuguese Coffee Rust Research Center with Timor (medium grain, Tim) and Caturra (small grain, Kaddura), and has been popularized and planted with numerous titles. This variety has solved many factors such as disease and insect disasters and drought resistance, and the important thing is that the yield per mu has nearly doubled. Although it has increased the enthusiasm of farmers to grow coffee, it has also become the reason for the low quality of Yunnan coffee from now on. At the same time, Nestl é and Maxwell entered China and began to promote coffee varieties suitable for instant coffee in Pu'er and other places: S288, natural hybrid of large seed and small seed and S26 of kent hybrid of Arabica Kent in India, which had first-class rust resistance, but the planting difficulty and adaptability were low, and the cultivation was basically stopped at the beginning of the 20th century.

Speaking of which, I think there should be some judgment on the varieties of coffee in Yunnan. What about the excellent iron pickup and bourbon before? In the new promotion and planting, there are still many hills left to continue to grow old varieties of coffee, but, generally speaking, backward places do not have the protection of origin and a single species, a mountain, 10 families, all kinds of people, a gust of wind blowing, pollen flying everywhere. He he. The problem of variety, so that Yunnan coffee really lost in the starting line.

In addition, although the environmental problems of coffee cultivation can meet the standards of hot areas, they are far away from the equator, evaporation, large-scale coffee cultivation in Yunnan is less than 1100m above sea level, the severe drought in Yunnan in recent years, and the frost period in the producing areas, and so on, all make the cultivation of coffee can not be guaranteed normally, directly affecting the quality of coffee production. As for other processing problems, not to mention the quality of farmers, tea farmers have been drinking tea for generations, but farmers may not have had coffee in their lives.

Say so much, but it doesn't mean that you haven't had a cup of good Yunnan coffee, and if the post-processing and roasting is good, as a friend here said, the coffee from several hills, such as Pu'erman Laojiang, Kaddura of Manzhong Tian, Tielinka of Baihualing of Lujiang, Baoshan, and Boben of Lujiang, Baoshan, are still good, especially resistant to the old varieties at an altitude of 1800m.