How is the development of Yemeni coffee? What are the development prospects of Yemeni coffee?

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Because recently, Yemeni coffee has gradually begun to enter people's eyeballs. For Yemeni coffee, we must understand the market situation of Yemeni coffee.

I. present situation of coffee industry in Yemen

(1) the total output has continued to decline in recent years

Since 2001, Yemeni coffee production has declined year by year due to various reasons. The annual output has dropped from 11906 tons in 2001 to 11608 tons in 2003, 11590 tons in 2004, to about 11000 tons in 2008. In recent years, despite the rising prices in the international coffee market, the coffee industry in Yemen has not boomed, but has shrunk sharply. The reason for the decrease in coffee production is mainly due to two aspects.

First, water scarcity and soil degradation. The shortage of water resources has become a serious constraint to the economic and social development of Yemen. Coffee planting water mainly depends on Rain Water and mountain spring water, lack of irrigation facilities, water efficiency is not high, greatly affected by climate uncertainty. Soil degradation and soil erosion are serious, and the fertility and productivity of the land are weakening.

Second, farmers gave up growing coffee and planted Carter instead. The growth cycle of coffee is long, the cost is high, and the management is difficult, while Carter is easy to grow, the growing period is short, and the demand is strong, so many farmers have changed the original coffee land to planting Carter, while the planting area of coffee has decreased. Carter's planting area is increasing year by year. The shrinking acreage of coffee and the continuous decline in production, coupled with the shortage of water resources and diseases and insect pests in Yemen, have made coffee cultivation even worse.

(2) low output of high-quality mocha coffee and lack of quality standards

Although the annual output of Yemeni mocha coffee is more than 10,000 tons, only about 15% of the coffee can meet the import standards of developed countries.

The cultivation of coffee in Yemen has a long history, but the coffee industry has been in an unorganized and extensive stage of development. Due to the scattered planting, it is basically a decentralized operation in a workshop, which leads to a great difference in the quality of coffee. There are no unified standards and specifications for the picking, drying and stir-frying of coffee beans. Hand-processed coffee is easy to change color, high damage rate, and different moisture content. Farmers' techniques for growing and processing coffee are handed down from generation to generation, which is not only inefficient, but also unscientific, which lags far behind the development trend of the international coffee market.

At the same time, there is no identification standard and quality control system for coffee in Yemen, and the quality of coffee is not tested and classified in accordance with international practice. The lack of effective guarantee of coffee quality is not conducive to breaking into the markets of developed countries, and some unscrupulous businessmen even swap coffee from other countries and regions and pass them off as Yemeni mocha coffee after processing. There is still a long way to go to improve the quality and market competitiveness of Yemeni coffee.

(3) Coffee export shrinks

Coffee used to be at the forefront of Yemen's exports, but with the large-scale oil development and the development of fisheries, the status of coffee as a major export commodity has declined year by year. It has dropped from the top five ten years ago to the 23 or fourth place in recent years.

Since 2001, Yemeni coffee production has declined for four consecutive years, and coffee exports have been hit hard with the decline in coffee production.

In 2005, the Yemeni Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation proposed a plan to plant 1 million coffee trees in one year. With the strong support of the Yemeni Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, the government has increased investment in the coffee planting industry, actively encouraged farmers to plant coffee trees, and adopted a series of promotion measures, including the construction of water conservancy facilities and the promotion of planting technology, etc., hoping to develop coffee production and strive for export to earn foreign exchange.

Under these measures, coffee production and export have been restored and developed to a certain extent in recent years. Table 1 shows the statistics on the export of raw coffee beans. It can be seen from the table that the annual decline of raw coffee bean exports has been curbed since 2006, and began to pick up, and the export volume in 2007 has been close to the level of 2003. However, on the whole, the proportion of coffee in the composition of Yemeni export commodities is still low and does not give full play to the advantages and potential of its coffee brand.

(4) exports are mainly raw materials and semi-finished products, and the export structure is unreasonable

More than 90% of Yemeni coffee exports are coffee beans, and refined coffee powder accounts for no more than 10%. The coffee exported from Yemen is mainly unprocessed and primary processed products, and the deep processing capacity is not strong, while the value of deep processing and its added value are much larger than the initial processed products, which seriously affects the overall quality and income of coffee trade.

(5) lack of modern national enterprises and sales channels

The main body of coffee production and management in Yemen is extremely scattered farmers, lack of circulation enterprises that can organize farmers and have the strength of operation and sales. A few national coffee enterprises are small in scale, lack of competitiveness, and do not have excellent brands. This backward situation of decentralized management can not form economies of scale, but also not conducive to the reduction of costs and rational allocation of resources, which seriously restricts the development of the coffee industry.

II. Prospects of coffee industry in Yemen

According to the forecast of the International Coffee Organization (ICO), affected by the international financial crisis, as consumers in western developed countries began to cut back on expenditure, the demand for high-grade coffee has begun to be suppressed, while high-quality and cheap origin coffee is still in short supply. If Yemeni coffee can seize the opportunity, fully publicize its original ecological pollution-free characteristics, and give full play to the advantages of high quality and low price, there is still room for upward development.

Yemen should start with supporting its coffee enterprises, establish a more market-oriented coffee circulation and sales system, improve coffee production technology, improve and stabilize coffee quality, improve the appearance and packaging of products, strengthen advertising and enhance brand image, and take the road of high added value and brand management.

Yemeni mocha coffee can fully reflect its value only by leaving its origin and opening up the international market. This means that the Yemeni coffee industry, based on its own country, bigger and stronger, must look at the international market, export-oriented and goal-oriented in order to usher in greater development.