Coffee planting zone and climate coffee tree planting environment and coffee growing area

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Coffee trees grow in tropical areas between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer and near the equator, also known as the world coffee growing belt. Coffee trees vary greatly in appearance due to factors such as species and regions. The long green leaves range in color from yellow-green to dark green or even brass. These shiny trees have a wavy shape, a characteristic more pronounced in Robasta than in Arabica. Although coffee trees need irrigation, pruning, weeding, fertilization, and mulch, if the soil is not optimal for coffee trees, they will not bear fruit for years. Coffee trees thrive in soils rich in nitrogen, potassium carbonate and phosphoric acid, and when they are 4-5 years old, they produce their first fruits quickly, reaching a peak in number, and continue to bear fruit for 20-25 years if they are well cared for. One of the characteristics of coffee trees is that their fruits can bear several times a year, and another is that flowers and fruits (also known as cherries) coexist at different stages of maturity. The entire coffee industry is styled by the vagaries of nature.

Coffee plantation

1, the excavation of planting ditch excavation quality affects the coffee garden soil and water conservation, the implementation of agricultural technical measures, coffee tree growth and yield of major events, to be seriously implemented. Excavation method: gentle slope can be excavated from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope, while steep slope should be excavated from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope, which can minimize the phenomenon that the soil in the upper ditch rolls into the next ditch. The specification of planting ditch is 0.60 m wide at the mouth and 0. 40 meters, depth 0. 50 meters. During excavation, the topsoil of trench surface shall be excavated. Stack them above the ditch, dig out the subsoil in the ditch and stack them below the ditch. The depth of the ditch shall be below the edge of the mouth. All roots and stones in the planting ditch shall be cleared out. Trees between platforms shall be reserved and shall not be felled at will. The excavation time should be from October before winter to February in spring, and should be completed in May at the latest.

2. Soil returning and platform building 15 - 30 days before planting, soil returning for the first time is 0. 20 meters, then add 1500 kg farm manure +100 kg phosphate fertilizer per mu, evenly stir the base fertilizer. After the second soil return, the groove will be filled up and the level ladder will be carried out. The table width is required to be 1. 20 meters, table inclined 2 - 3 degrees. After finishing the table, lime powder will be evenly spread on the table, the purpose is to adjust the soil PH value, enhance the soil microbial activity, and improve the effectiveness of soil mineral nutrients.

3. The specifications of digging holes and applying base fertilizer for planting holes are generally 0.40 m × 0.40 m × 0. 30 meters, before planting, apply 0.10 - 0.25 kg of calcium superphosphate per hole, if conditions permit, apply 3 - 5 kg of organic fertilizer per hole, and fully mix the fertilizer with the hole soil, otherwise the coffee seedlings will be fertilized after planting.

Daily management of coffee cultivation

1. The root system of intertilled coffee grows with the growth of plants. Half a year after planting, the root system grows beyond the range of planting holes. Therefore, it is best to carry out deep ploughing six months after planting to one year before the rainy season, according to the soil conditions and root distribution and depth, generally 0.4 - 0.5 meters is appropriate.

2, fertilization coffee fertilization to master the type of fertilizer and fertilizer, both to the right amount, but also to prevent excessive. Insufficient fertilization will lead to yellowing of leaves, withered shoots, fruit drop, premature aging and other phenomena; excessive fertilization will not only cause waste, but also deteriorate the soil. Young coffee trees are in vegetative growth period, fertilizer application should be based on nitrogen and phosphorus, appropriate application of potassium fertilizer to promote root and branch growth, accelerate the formation of crown, cultivate good tree type, lay the foundation for high yield, but fertilizer application should grasp the principle of frequent application and thin application. Fertilization of coffee trees in production should be based on nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, combined with phosphorus fertilizer and other elements.

The fertilization scheme adopted was that urea 20g/plant was applied for the first time 20 days after the young trees planted in the same year survived, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer 30g/plant was applied for the second time before the end of rainy season. In the second year, the first time of fertilization is in February to March, the second time is in May to June, and the third time is in August to September. Each time, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer is applied 100g/plant. In the third year, the first time of fertilization is combined with intertillage and weeding in February and March, and the second time is applied in May and June, and the third time is applied in August and September. Fertilization of coffee trees in production: 1500g oil cake/plant was applied in February and March for the first time, and 150g nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer was applied to each plant in May, July and September for the second, third and fourth times respectively. Coffee tree fertilization method: young trees from the base of the department 0. At 20 meters, mature trees dig circular or semi-circular fertilizer ditches at the dripping position of the plant crown, with a width of 0. 20 meters, 0.20 - 0.30 meters deep, immediately covered with soil after fertilization.

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3. Weeding coffee garden countertops should be kept clean and weed-free at any time to avoid competition between grass and coffee for nutrients. Weeding should be done once a month, 0. Weed with hoe combined with intertillage beyond 30 meters, pull out the roots within 0.30 meters by hand to avoid damaging the rhizomes. Weed branches on coffee stems are not allowed to be uprooted with hoes to avoid damaging terrace ladders and soil erosion. Weed trees on stems can obtain shade, maintain soil and water, and reduce pests and diseases.