The growth process of Coffee Coffee basic knowledge

First, planting time: April 15-25 period.

Second, planting location: plain, hillside, wasteland, front and back house, forest and fruit tree seedlings can be planted, but should not be planted in tall trees or other unventilated places.

Third, herbal coffee does not like flood and fertilizer, conditional planting can use farm manure, during the growth period, it is best to irrigate 1-2 times of water during the growth period, and all kinds of chemical fertilizers and herbicides are absolutely not allowed.

IV. Growth habits

Coffee beans like warmth, drought and cold tolerance, afraid of freezing, seedlings and adult plants are vulnerable to frost defoliation to death, seeds can not mature. Coffee beans are not strict on land, and idle land can also be planted, but it is suitable for sandy soil with good drainage, deep soil layer and loose and fertile soil.

5. Planting techniques

Seed selection: the germination rate of seeds should be tested before sowing. Specific method: divide the full seeds into several parts, number them in turn, take out 125 to 250 grams in each part and put them into corresponding numbered utensils, soak them in warm water for about 50 ℃ for one day and night, pour out the water, rinse it again with clean water, then cover it with a wet cloth to maintain humidity, sprout after three days, and select those with a bud rate of more than 85% as seeds.

Soil preparation: in the selected plots, 2000-2500 kg of ring fertilizer and 25 kg of superphosphate are applied per mu, which are evenly scattered on the ground, ploughed and raked fine and leveled, and generally do not make beds. If a bed is made, it can be made into a flat bed 1.2 to 1.5 meters wide.

Sowing: soak the superior seeds selected by the test in 50 ℃ warm water for one day and night, wait for them to absorb water to expand, fish out the dry surface, and sow seeds. The sowing time is from Qingming Festival to Grain Rain (mid-April), when the air temperature is 15-20 ℃, it is too early, the ground temperature is low, the seeds are easy to rot in the soil, and too late, the seeds can not mature, affecting the yield and quality. Sowing with strip sowing is appropriate, row spacing 50-70 cm, open 5-6 cm deep ditch, spread seeds evenly in the ditch, cover soil 3 cm, slightly suppress, and emerge about 10 days after sowing. If there is a drought in the north, it is necessary to irrigate before sowing, not to water after sowing, so as to avoid topsoil consolidation affecting seedling emergence.

VI. Field management

Loosening soil and weeding: when the seedling height is 3-6 cm, the weak or overdense seedlings are pulled out; when the seedling height is 10-13 cm, the seedling distance is about 30 cm. Soil loosening and weeding were carried out at the same time between seedlings and fixed seedlings to keep the soil loose. Coffee beans are relatively drought-tolerant, and the soil can grow normally under general moisture. During drought, proper watering is appropriate, but less watering should be given to squatting seedlings during the seedling setting period. When White Dew (early September), the fruit tends to mature and can be stopped watering.

Topdressing: the seedling height is about 35 cm, before the plant is closed, the seedlings are applied 20 kg of superphosphate and 10 kg of ammonia sulfate, mixed between the rows, and then ploughed to cultivate the soil, the fertilizer is buried in the soil, and can prevent the plant from lodging.

VII. Disease and pest control

The most common disease of coffee bean is gray leaf spot, which is caused by a half-known fungus in fungi, which mainly harms the leaves. At the beginning, a light brown spot appeared in the middle of the leaf, and then a gray mildew was produced on the spot. Before or at the initial stage of the disease, 65% Dysen zinc solution 500 times or 800 times 1000 times was sprayed to remove and treat. Insect pests mostly occurred in late spring and early summer, mainly aphids, sprayed with dimethoate emulsion into 200 times solution.

VIII. Harvest, processing and storage

Coffee beans gradually mature to the Autumn Equinox (late September). When the pods become yellowish brown, they begin to harvest, cut off and dry the whole plant, hit the seeds, and remove impurities, that is, they become medicinal materials. Coffee beans should be stored in a ventilated, dry and cool place, paying attention to moistureproof and rodent damage.