Common diseases and pests in coffee cultivation and their control methods

1. Coffee tiger longicorn beetle

It is distributed in all coffee producing areas in the world, and it also occurs in Yunnan, Guangxi and Hainan Island in China. It is one of the major pests of coffee. The coffee tiger longicorn beetle harms the coffee trunk for more than 2 years. At first, it eats between the cambium and xylem, and then eats the xylem. The victim showed a curved tunnel, which was filled with sawdust, which had a great impact on coffee. In light cases, the plants were yellowed, withered branches and fruit fell, and in serious cases, the whole plant died. The injured part is often broken in the wind and rain because of the loss of mechanical support. Sometimes it eats the roots of coffee, making the plants lose the ability to regenerate. At the initial stage of the damage, there was no obvious hole in the appearance, but only slightly raised in the epidermis of the injured area.

Prevention and control methods:

The main results are as follows: (1) creating an ecological environment suitable for coffee growth, strengthening management and reasonable pruning can play a certain role in prevention and control. The damage of coffee tiger longicorn beetles in a proper shaded environment is less than that in full-light environment, and coffee trees with strong growth have a certain insect-resistant ability.

(2) to hunt and kill adults and larvae manually, and cut off the injured branches in time and burn them.

(3) before the adult comes out of the hole from February to June, the stem with a diameter of more than 1.5cm can be mixed with lindane or nail stem 1605 with yellow mud, cow dung and water, and applied to the corked trunk with good effect.

2. Coffee black branch bark beetle

The medium-grain coffee in China is seriously damaged by this insect. Most of them are harmful to annual branches and tender stems, causing withered branches and leaves within a few weeks after the damage. The peak period of damage is from May to June, and according to the survey, the damage rate can reach 60% during the peak period.

From the appearance of the damaged branches, the injured is a small hole, there are tunnels in the hole, sometimes more than a dozen wormholes can appear on the same branch, eggs, larvae and adults can coexist at the same time, and generations overlap. The overwintering period is mainly adult, and there is dormancy in the low temperature period.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) combined with pruning to remove pest branches. From January to March, when the adults were in the overwintering period, the withered branches were removed in the whole garden, and all the dead branches, especially the dead branches in the parts, were completely removed and burned. Cut off on the same day, burn on the same day, through the test, the prevention and control of this method can reach 85%.

(2) in the first ten days of May, a whole-garden spray of 500-fold fenitrothion or 400-fold malaphos was used, which could inhibit the insect population to a certain extent.

(3) regularly clean up the miscellaneous shrubs in the windbreak forest outside the garden and cut them clean.

3. Coffee leopard bark moth

Widely distributed, it is one of the common coffee pests and harms a variety of cash crops. It can eat off the trunk ring with a diameter of 4cm to 5cm. The larvae overwintered in the branches, and the larvae often ate upward in the branches, forming a tunnel of 30cm to 60cm.

Prevention and control methods:

The main results are as follows: (1) combined with coffee tree pruning, cut off the damaged branches and burn them centrally.

(2) stab the larva to death by stabbing the worm track with wire.

(3) injecting 1:10 times dichlorvos into the wormhole, then stuffing the hole with stained cotton and sealing the hole with mud, which can poison the larvae that harm the main stem of coffee.

4. Scale insect tip

The main results are as follows: (1) Coffee green scale beetle can be harmful to both adult trees and seedlings, and branches, leaves, stems and fruits are all harmful objects. The leaves yellowed after injury, abnormal crepe, and often induced a large number of soot disease, which had a great impact on the photosynthesis and plant growth of coffee.

Prevention and control methods:

Spray dimethoate or malathion with 500 times water spray, once every other week, 3 times in a row, the effect is very good. It can also be sprayed with stone sulfur mixture or turpentine mixture. In the natural environment, many natural enemies of green scale insects, among which Beauveria bassiana and scale black fungus are the best. In the rainy season, the host rate of Beauveria bassiana is more than 90%.

(2) the coffee root pink scale is mainly harmful to the root, which is damaged near the root neck at the initial stage, and then gradually spreads to the main root and lateral root, sucking its sap. The insect is transmitted by ants and symbiosis with fungi. In the later stage of the damage, the fungus formed a series of grayish-brown tumor bags in the root, which wrapped the worm in it, and died because of the blackening and decay of the root. The target is the small seed.

Prevention and control methods:

At the initial stage of the damage, dichlorobenzene powder was scattered in the soil around the root neck with a depth of about 10 centimeters, and the death rate reached 92% after 7 days. In the later stage of the damage, the topsoil around the root can be removed, the depth is about 10 cm, 30 grams of p-dichlorobenzene are sprinkled, and then the soil is firmly covered, and the mortality rate can reach 100% after 7 days.