Cultivation techniques of small-grain coffee: multi-dry shaping and cultivation

Multi-dry integer type

Multi-dry shaping is a method of shaping using the first-order branch as the main fruiting branch. The purpose of plastic surgery is to cultivate multiple trunks and grow a large number of robust primary branches, and the multi-trunk trees will not be topped. As a result, when the yield decreases after 3-5 years, the new trunk will be replaced.

Multi-stem method of ① cultivation

Oblique planting method:

When planting, the seedlings are obliquely planted, generally at an angle of 30-60 degrees with the ground. Oblique planting can inhibit the growth of the top of the trunk and promote the germination of basal straight branches. Attention should be paid to the selection of 3 or 4 sturdy and spaced direct branches for new stem culture. Cut off the old one when the new one has grown up.

Bending and drying method:

When planting, wait for the seedling to grow to about 1 meter high, then bend the trunk and fix it with a rope or wooden hook. Attention should be paid to the selection of 3 or 4 straight branches with strong growth and certain intervals, which should be cultivated into new stems. The result of the original work was cut off after 2 or 3 years. This method is more labor-intensive than the oblique planting method, and the trunk material must be fixed.

Cut-off method:

This method is mainly suitable for seedlings more than 2 years old, which are cut off at a distance of about 25 cm from the ground, then planted in the field, and then cultured into new stems by using several direct branches that grow after truncation.

No matter which method is used, when the new trunk is left, we should always pay attention to cutting off the straight branches sprouting from the new and old trunk.

Replacement of trunk of ② adult trees

After 3-5 years of fruiting, due to the continuous growth of the trunk, the fruiting part gradually increases, and the growth of the old trunk decreases year by year, so the trunk must be replaced in time. There are mainly two kinds of formation, namely, once replacement and step-by-step replacement.

One time replacement

After fruit picking, saw off all the trunks at once from the plant 25cm to 30cm above the ground. When a large number of direct branches are produced under the saw blade, 3 or 4 strong and spaced direct branches should be properly selected as new stems, and the rest should be removed. The advantages of this method are: cutting dry at one time, convenient management, uniform light exposure to the new trunk, robust growth, and will not cause excessive growth of branches and leaves because of excessive shade.

Step by step replacement

That is to say, 1 / 2 trunk is replaced every year, 1 / 2 new trunk is cultivated, 1 / 2 straight branches should be cultivated before the trunk is replaced, and when the stem is cut off, it will be sawed off from the top of the straight branch. Its disadvantage is that the growth of the new stem is affected by the old trunk, and it is easy to bend in case of strong wind and rain.

Rejuvenation of old trees

The rejuvenation of the old tree should be cut off at one time, and a small amount of harvest can be obtained one year after it is cut off. Cut off the dry after fruit picking, 30 cm off the ground in the old trunk, saw dry at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees from top to bottom, and the saw blade should be smooth. After cutting dry, it is necessary to dig deep into the soil, trim part of the root system, strengthen fertilization, promote growth, and remove excess buds in time.

Transformation of withered trees and weak trees

The cause of withered shoot trees is that after a large number of branches bear fruit, they consume too much nutrients and die, forming the phenomenon of emptiness in the middle of the crown. After planting young or adult trees, due to the loss of management, the trunk is weak and aging, the plant growth is poor, rarely bear fruit, this kind of tree is called weak tree.

According to the situation of the withered tip of the coffee tree, the method of cutting off the trunk in the middle or bending the trunk can be used to cultivate the new trunk and re-cultivate the crown. However, the management of water and fertilizer must be strengthened in order to be effective.