Analysis on the Development Environment and advantages of Coffee Industry in Yunnan Province

(1) Analysis of the development of coffee consumption at home and abroad

From an international point of view, the world is growing steadily. More than 1.5 billion people in the world drink coffee, and the annual consumption is basically the same as that of production, growing at an annual rate of 1.5%. The main consumer markets are the United States, Japan, Europe and other economically developed countries and regions. The consumption structure has gradually shifted from drinking instant coffee to freshly ground coffee, and from drinking Robusta coffee with high caffeine in the past to Arabica coffee with low caffeine and soft taste.

From a domestic point of view, consumer groups are growing at a high speed. China's per capita coffee consumption is very low due to the influence of traditional eating habits, culture and income level. In 2009, the consumption of domestic coffee was about 60,000 tons, accounting for about 0.7% of the world consumption, showing a rapid growth trend, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20% in the past three years, and the growth rate of traditional freshly ground coffee reached 30%. With the rise of China's economy, the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the development of tourism and the integration of Chinese and Western cultures, the consumer population and consumer market will grow at a high speed. It is estimated that the domestic coffee consumption will reach 200000 tons by 2015 and 500000 tons by 2020. It has become a big coffee consumer equivalent to Japan.

(2) Analysis of the development of coffee production at home and abroad

From an international point of view, production is basically in a state of steady development. In 2008, the world coffee harvest area is 146 million mu, with a total output of 8.2352 million tons. Among them, Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia and other countries have the largest output. Coffee beans accounted for 60%, roasted coffee powder, instant coffee powder and coffee products accounted for 40%. High-quality Arabica (small seed) coffee is still in short supply and profitable, and the price is about 35% higher than Robus ta coffee (medium grain coffee). In order to meet the demand for Arabica coffee in the international market, there are the following trends in world coffee production: first, to expand the planting area of Arabica coffee. Second, the continuous development of new products, coffee products to the diversification, functional direction of development. Third, the use of coffee is gradually broadened, from beverage type to food industry raw material type. Basically formed a trade pattern in which coffee beans are sold in underdeveloped countries such as Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia and other developed countries, while developed countries such as the United States, Germany, France, Italy, Japan and other developed countries purchase coffee beans for domestic consumption after processing and enter the international market.

From a domestic point of view, the main original producing areas of domestic coffee are Yunnan, Hainan and Guangdong. Hainan and Guangdong mainly grow Robusta coffee, while Yunnan mainly grows Arabica coffee. In recent years, due to low comparative efficiency, poor quality and poor marketing of Robusta coffee, the planting area and yield of coffee in Hainan and Guangdong have decreased. By the end of 2009, there was no coffee planting in Guangdong, and Hainan only had a planting area of 2600 mu with an output of 440t. However, Yunnan Arabica coffee industry has been developing steadily. Due to climate and comparative benefits and other factors, the position of Yunnan coffee raw material production base "outshining others" will not change in the short term. With the world-famous coffee brands entering Chinese mainland one after another to seize the Chinese market, the development of highly processed coffee products in China is accelerating, and the coffee industry will usher in a better development situation.

Judging from the price trend, it will be maintained at a more reasonable level. Although the price of coffee in the international market fluctuates frequently, due to the strong regulation and control of the international coffee organization, especially because the acreage of Brazil, the largest coffee producer in the world, is gradually decreasing, the acreage and output of the world are basically balanced, while the consumption is gradually increasing, and the situation that supply falls short of demand begins to appear, so that the price of raw coffee beans has shown a steady upward trend in recent years. It is expected that the price of coffee in the international market will remain above a high level for some time to come. With the gradual recovery of the price in the international coffee market, the average selling price of coffee beans in our province is about 18 yuan / kg, and the selling price of first-grade beans is more than 21 yuan / kg. It is expected that in a certain period of time in the future, the price of coffee in the domestic market will be maintained at a more reasonable price level.

(3) favorable conditions for the development of coffee industry in Yunnan Province

1. Have the climatic and geographical conditions for growing high-quality small-grain coffee

Small-grain coffee is a horticultural cash crop with high requirements for natural conditions, and its quality is directly related to planting conditions. It is most suitable to grow in areas with an average annual temperature of 19 ℃-23 ℃, annual rainfall of 700-1800 mm and soil PH5.5-6.5, that is, areas with low latitude, high altitude and large temperature difference between day and night. The southwest of our province has these unique natural advantages, which are especially suitable for the growth of small-grain coffee, which makes it have the unique quality characteristics of "rich, long-lasting aroma and slightly sour taste" which is better than other varieties. Yunnan has become the most suitable area for producing high-quality coffee in the country.

two。 Land resources for the development of small-grain coffee

The hot area of Yunnan covers an area of 81100 square kilometers, of which coffee is suitable for planting more than 5 million mu of arable land, plus slopes below 25 degrees, it is expected to reach more than 6 million mu. It is mainly distributed in Dehong, Baoshan, Pu'er, Xishuangbanna, Lincang, Honghe, Wenshan and other dry and hot valleys such as Nujiang, Jinsha, Lancang and Yuanjiang. The cultivation of high terrace is mostly, mainly rotation land, sloping land, aging rubber plantation and tea garden, plus "returning farmland to forest", rubber and banana intercropping land, etc., there are still a large number of coffee suitable planting land resources to be developed and utilized in the hot areas of Yunnan Province.

3. It has the advantages of low planting cost and high comparative benefit.

First, the cost of agricultural planting is low. The production cost of the main international coffee producing countries is 12-13.5 yuan / kg, while the average cost of our province is less than 10 yuan / kg, and the self-planting cost of farmers is 8 yuan / kg, which has the advantage of low planting cost; second, the comparative benefit of agricultural planting is high. Compared with other cash crops in the same area, the benefit of coffee planting is higher. The coffee garden built according to the high standard of 3000 yuan per mu can recover all the investment in 4-5 years, and the annual net income per mu is 1000 Mu 1500 yuan, and the net income of good maintenance is 1500-2000 yuan. Third, the value-added benefit of processing is high. Roasting coffee beans in the processing process can make a profit of 200% Mel 300%. For example, after the refined and deeply processed products are injected into the brand market, the coffee powder with a processing cost of 50, 000 yuan / ton is prepared into three-in-one instant coffee, and the output value of each ton of powder can reach 435000 yuan.

4. It has the geographical advantage of being close to the main international raw material producing areas.

Yunnan is located in the southwest border of China, at the junction of China, Southeast Asia and South Asia, close to the main international coffee producing areas such as Vietnam, Indonesia, India and so on. With the acceleration of the construction of "China's bridgehead opening to the southwest" and the acceleration of the restructuring of the global coffee industry and the flow of production factors, the relationship between our province and the development of the coffee industry in the world, especially in neighboring countries, has been significantly improved. It provides a strategic opportunity for the coffee industry in our province to make full use of international and domestic markets and resources to speed up the development.

5. Have a policy environment for great development

The promotion of the status of Yunnan coffee is the promotion of the international status of Chinese coffee. The state attaches great importance to the development of coffee industry in Yunnan. In 2006, the Ministry of Agriculture formulated the Regional layout Plan of characteristic Agricultural products (2007-2015), which listed southwest Yunnan as the key area of coffee development. and multi-channel investment to support the construction of coffee planting, processing and scientific research capacity in our province. Coffee is listed as the key industry in the biological industry in the "Regional layout Plan of dominant Agricultural products of Yunnan Province" formulated in 2009 and the outline of Yunnan Biological Industry Development Plan (2003-2020) formulated in 2009. At the same time, a series of national macro policies such as western development, revitalizing agriculture through science and technology, returning farmland to forests, ecological protection and agricultural structure adjustment have also provided a loose policy environment for the development of coffee industry.

III. Development ideas and main objectives of Coffee Industry in Yunnan Province

(1) guiding ideology

Under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of "three represents", we should thoroughly implement the scientific concept of development, actively grasp the trend of coffee production and consumption at home and abroad, and actively change the development mode of Yunnan coffee industry. adhere to the development road of characteristics, scale, intensification, standardization, industrialization and internationalization We will speed up the fundamental transformation from the development of planting leading industries to the development of market and processing leading industries, from the international market to both international and domestic markets, and from raw material production to primary processing and refined products, so as to achieve the fundamental transformation from a major province of coffee raw materials to a major province of coffee industry, so as to increase farmers' income, increase the efficiency of enterprises, and increase finance.

(2) ideas for development

Guided by the international and domestic market, supported by scientific and technological innovation and external development, with the introduction of well-known international coffee enterprises and the cultivation of leading coffee processing enterprises in the province as a breakthrough, coffee raw beans, roasted coffee and instant coffee as key products, lengthen the industrial chain, widen the field of industrial development, increase the degree of industrial agglomeration, steadily expand planting area, transform and upgrade the processing industry, and make every effort to create high-quality famous brands. Consolidate the international market of coffee raw beans and roasted coffee, cultivate and open up the domestic market of instant coffee, and gradually form an industrial development pattern dominated by high value-added products and brand trade. to build our province into a raw material base for high-quality coffee beans in the world, the largest finishing production base and trade center in the country.

(3) basic principles

1. Adhere to the principle of government guidance and market orientation. We should determine the development direction of the coffee industry according to market demand, promote the adjustment of industrial structure and the integration of production factors, give full play to the independent management role of farmers in planting and enterprises in processing links, and strengthen the government's macro guidance in overall planning and layout, industrial policy formulation, and the maintenance of fair competition market order.

two。 Adhere to the principle of leading and cluster development. We will vigorously develop the business model of "company + base + peasant household + farmer professional cooperative organization", and give full play to the leading role of leading enterprises in base construction and brand cultivation. Improve the concentration of the industry and promote the transformation from extensive management to intensive management.

3. Adhere to the principle of overall planning, coordination and scientific development. Strengthen resource protection and rational development, based on the long-term, overall planning of the coordinated and supporting development of the coffee industry and other industries, overall planning of coffee planting base and processing production layout. By supporting key bases and key enterprises, we will promote the sustainable development of the industry.

4. Adhere to the principle of relying on science and technology and talents for support. We will further highlight and strengthen the supporting role of scientific and technological progress and innovation in the promotion of industrial core competitiveness, strengthen the research and development, innovation, popularization and application of improved varieties, good laws, processing technologies, new products and standardization, and build a system of scientific and technological innovation and promotion services.

5. Adhere to the principle of external introduction and internal connection, opening up and cooperation. Adhere to the combination of "bringing in" and "going out", introduce international famous coffee enterprises and cultivate local leading enterprises, carry out in-depth development of Yunnan coffee industry, expand the industrial chain, and vigorously open up domestic and foreign markets. expand the market share of Yunnan coffee products at home and abroad.

(IV) Development objectives

Centering on the overall goal of "building our province into a raw material base for high-quality coffee beans in the world, the largest finishing production base and trade center in the country", the development goals by 2015 and 2020 are:

By 2015, the planting area of coffee in the province will grow to 1 million mu, with an area of 800000 mu and an annual output of 96000 tons of coffee beans, with a total output value of more than 17 billion yuan, including agricultural output value of 2 billion yuan, industrial output value of 5 billion yuan, and tertiary industry output value of 10 billion yuan.

By 2020, the coffee planting area of the province will be stable at about 1.5 million mu, with an annual output of 200000 tons of coffee and raw beans, with a total output value of more than 34 billion yuan, including agricultural output value of 4 billion yuan, industrial output value of 10 billion yuan, and tertiary industry output value of more than 20 billion yuan.