An introduction to the characteristics of the Flavor Manor of small Grain Coffee in Yunnan, China

Pu'er, Xishuangbanna, Wenshan, Baoshan, Dehong, Lincang and other places in the south and west of Yunnan are all the distribution areas of small-grain coffee in Yunnan. As of January 1, 2012, according to the comprehensive survey of Yunnan Province, the planting area of coffee in Yunnan has exceeded 800000 mu, and the output of coffee beans in this period is expected to exceed 55000 tons. For the future, local governments in Yunnan have also drawn a blueprint: Dehong is planning to expand the coffee planting area from the current 100000 mu to 200000 mu in the next few years; Lincang plans to expand the existing 20, 000-mu coffee forest by 10 times to 200000 mu in the 12th five-year Plan; and Pu'er also plans to expand the 220000 mu coffee forest to 600000 mu. Other areas suitable for coffee cultivation, such as Baoshan and Xishuangbanna, are also planning to expand the planting scale.

Dehong: it has the laudatory name of "hometown of Chinese coffee". As of 2011, a total of 120900 mu of coffee has been developed and planted in the state, accounting for 30% of the total coffee planting area in the country. In the next 3 years, the planting area of coffee in Dehong Prefecture will reach 200000 mu. The coffee planting in Dehong Prefecture is above 1000 meters above sea level, of which 30, 000 mu are planted in the mountains above 1600 meters above sea level. In addition, the coffee grown in Dehong Prefecture mainly uses organic fertilizers and organic pesticides, resulting in high quality coffee. The western and southern parts of Yunnan Province, one of the rare producers of high-quality coffee in the world, are located between 15 °N and the Tropic of Cancer, most of which are 1000-2000 m above sea level. The topography is dominated by mountains and slopes. And large ups and downs, fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, rich rainfall, large temperature difference between day and night, these unique natural conditions form the particularity of Yunnan small grain coffee taste-strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, slightly fruity. As early as the 1950s, Yunnan small seed coffee was very popular in the international coffee market and was rated as the top grade of coffee.

The history of coffee cultivation in Yunnan can be traced back to 1892. A French missionary brought coffee to Yunnan from abroad and successfully planted it in a valley in Binchuan County, Yunnan Province. The coffee plants of this batch of coffee seeds are still blooming and bearing fruit in Binchuan County.

Yunnan coffee was planted on a large scale in the mid-1950s, with a planting scale of 4000 hectares at one time. By the end of 1997, the planting area of coffee in the province had reached 7800 hectares. At present, the planting area of the whole province accounts for 70% of the national area, and the output accounts for 83% of the whole country. Yunnan coffee has established the dominant position in China in terms of planting area and coffee bean production. Yunnan coffee cultivation is concentrated in Yunnan and Hainan provinces. Yunnan has a large output, with an annual output of about 26000 tons in recent years, accounting for 90% of the national output. It is said that Yunnan coffee came from the French 70 or 80 years ago. The main variety is Arabica Arabica, that is, the so-called small seed coffee, commonly known as Yunnan small grain coffee. Yunnan's high-quality geographical and climatic conditions provide good conditions for coffee growth. The planting areas are Lincang, Baoshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other prefectures. The natural conditions of Yunnan are very similar to those of Colombia, that is, low latitude, high altitude and large temperature difference between day and night. The small grain coffee produced is mellow by cup quality analysis, and its quality and taste is similar to that of Colombian coffee.

However, due to a variety of reasons, the development of Yunnan coffee industry is not fast. Yunnan coffee is mainly exported as raw materials, with an export volume of about 15000 tons in 2006. More than 60% of raw materials are acquired by Nestl é and Maxwell each year, and Starbucks and Amway have joined in recent years.

Due to the lack of deep processing and marketing, Yunnan coffee is not well-known and unrecognized by people locked in the mountains. It is believed that with the in-depth development of Yunnan coffee industry, the rising demand of domestic coffee market and the efforts of the government and enterprises, Yunnan coffee will usher in a new period of development.