Planting conditions, Environmental yield and quality of Coffee trees

Planting conditions, Environmental yield and quality of Coffee trees

Transplanting seedlings: standard of transplanting seedlings: after the seeds are unearthed, the cotyledons have spread so that the true leaves have not yet grown, because the seedlings have begun to work on the first or second round of lateral roots, and the seedlings recover faster after transplanting, and the sand bed is drenched with water before transplanting. When raising seedlings, protect the root system as far as possible, and seedlings should be cut as soon as possible. And pay attention to keep the roots of the seedlings moist. The plant row spacing is determined according to the variety and seedling age. The row spacing of small seed coffee can be 20 × 20 cm, the row spacing of medium seed coffee can be 20 × 20 cm, the row spacing of seedlings used in the same year can be 20 × 20 cm, and the row spacing of seedlings used every other year can be 25 × 25 cm or 25 × 30 cm. When transplanting, the main root can not be bent, the overlong main root can be truncated properly, and it should be pressed layer by layer when returning to the soil, so that the root system should be in full contact with the soil, and it should be drenched with water after transplanting.

If the seedlings are raised in plastic bags, every 2 to 3 plants are arranged in a row, leaving a path 25 to 30 centimeters wide between the rows to facilitate watering and make the seedlings have enough space to grow so that they will not grow too much. Seedling bag specifications: 14 × 22 or 15 × 24 cm, the seedling bag can be smaller in that year, and larger in the next year. The nutrient soil of the seedling bag can be combined with a certain amount of organic fertilizer and superphosphate according to the standard of soil fertilization in the transplanting bed. Nursery management: watering and fertilization: adequate water and fertilizer is the key to ensure the rapid growth of seedlings. After moving the seedlings, sprinkle water once a day to keep the soil moist. When the true leaves are extracted, the times of watering can be reduced according to the soil water condition. At the same time, the first fertilization was carried out, and then every 10 to 15 days, the fertilizer can be made from pigsty manure and green manure. During the seedling period, the concentration of fertilizer should not be too high, and the concentration could be gradually increased with the growth of seedlings. When applying chemical fertilizer, it can be dissolved in water, but to grasp the appropriate concentration, chemical fertilizer can not touch the leaves, if dry application of chemical fertilizer, we should pay special attention. One month before the seedlings are planted, the watering and fertilization should be stopped and the shade should be removed to train the seedlings.

-weeding and loosening the soil: due to frequent watering and fertilization, the soil is easy to consolidate and there are many weeds, so we must always pay attention to weeding and loosening the soil. -coverage: where there are conditions, it is best to cover with death. It can not only keep the soil moist, prevent hardening, reduce the work of loosening soil and weeding, and is a good organic fertilizer after the mulch is rotten.

-adjust shade: the light requirement of seedlings increases with the growth of seedlings. Before 3 pairs of true leaves are pulled out, the shade degree should be controlled at 70% 80%, when the shade degree is reduced to 50% 60%, and before the first pair of branches grow or plant, the shade degree can be reduced to 20% 30%, so that the seedlings can be trained before planting.

Cuttage propagation

The establishment of ① multiplication nursery requires a large number of direct branches and bud slices as materials for cutting and bud grafting. In order to speed up propagation, multiplication nurseries are established. The auxiliary planting density of proliferating seedlings was 1.5 m × 1 m, which was planted according to different clones.

Preparation of ② cutting materials straight branches are used in cutting materials, not a branch, because the new plants grown after cutting with one branch can only grow creeping, not straight coffee trees.

Cuttings should be cut with green uncorked, fully aged leaves, robust straight terminal buds to the lower 2-3 segments, not semi-corked and corked straight branches. The blade of the cuttings is 4 inches wide (about 6 inches 8 cm), and each section of cuttings is 4 inches 6 centimeters long. the cuttings are cut into two pieces, each with a blade, and the cut is oblique and smooth.