A brief introduction to the Origin, Development, History and Culture of Sidamo Shakiso Fine Coffee beans

Ethiopian coffee beans grow in close to the natural environment, after years of planting under the same growth conditions, Ethiopian coffee beans have gradually adapted to the environment here. More than 60% of coffee beans are grown in forests or semi-forests.

Large-scale coffee-growing villages account for about 35% of the country's total coffee production. These coffee farms, which use a multi-tier coffee planting system, are carefully cared for. Coffee farmers do not use chemical fertilizers, but use fallen leaves and animal and plant debris to increase soil nutrition. In addition to coffee, farmers also frequently grow non-coffee crops. Even manor coffee (coffee produced by state-owned farms), which accounts for 5% of the country's total coffee production, shows the characteristics of forest coffee production.

Located in the most advantaged natural conditions, Ethiopia produces unique high-quality coffee every year. Ethiopia's coffee growing cycle brings the joy of harvest to the country every year. Beautiful white coffee flowers will bloom and bear fruit every year from March to April. Only the reddest and ripe fruits are selected as coffee ingredients between September and about December. The export of new coffee begins in November or December every year.

Ethiopia has a unique flavor that is different from other flavors and provides customers all over the world with a wide range of taste choices.

In the highlands of southwestern Ethiopia, the Kaffa, Sheka, Gera, Limu and Yayu Senri coffee ecosystems are considered the hometown of Arabica coffee. These forest ecosystems also have a variety of medicinal plants, wild animals and endangered species.

Flavor: medium sweet and sour aromas of sun berries, citrus, slightly fermented fruit, fruit wine.

Palate: comfortable and interesting sour fruit, good sweetness and low thickness.

Roasting degree: medium roasted Sidamo coffee has a variety of flavors. Different soil types, microclimates and countless native coffee species, towering mountains, highlands, plateaus, valleys and plains, diverse topography, and the geology of the area belongs to nutrient-rich, well-drained volcanic soil. the depth of the soil is nearly two meters, and the surface soil is dark brown or brown. The biggest advantage of the area is that the soil fertility is maintained through the circulation of organic matter, using the withered leaves of the surrounding trees or the residual roots of the plants as fertilizer. Therefore, the coffee produced in cities and towns has obvious differences and characteristics. In 2010-2012, it continuously obtained the high score of CR92~94, the authoritative coffee evaluation website in the United States. Thus it can be seen that the raw beans in this area are extraordinary.

Country: Ethiopia

Grade: G1

Producing area: Xidamo Guji Shakiso micro producing area

Baking degree: shallow baking (end of explosion)

Treatment: washing

Variety: original species

Producer: local small farmers

Flavor: lemon, citrus, Earl tea, caramel

Shakisso/Shakiso, located in the Guji producing area of Sidamo, is one of the micro-producing areas with regional characteristics in the Sidamo producing area. The coffee in this region is quite unique, and the coffee produced has often attracted the attention of the market. The original meaning of Ninety Plus's legendary nekisse comes from Nectar from shakisso, and its producing area and name are all from Shaquiso Shakisso.

Ethiopia is rectangular, with a ratio of length to width of 3:2. From top to bottom, it is composed of green, yellow and red parallel equal horizontal rectangles, with the national emblem in the middle of the flag. Since the end of the 19th century, Ethiopia began to use the green, yellow and red cross-striped national flag. In modern history, Ethiopia is the first African country to join the forest of free nations. [8]

In the fifties and sixties of this century, many African countries became independent one after another and adopted green, yellow and red as the colors of the national flag, so they were called "pan-African colors". Ethiopia is one of the ancient countries in Africa, with a long history of more than 3000 years, giving green, yellow and red colors deeper roots in this land. Historically, they are closely related to the liturgy of the Coptic church, and are worshipped as the symbol of the trinity of the Father, the son and the Holy Spirit, reflecting the three virtues of loyalty, hope and kindness advocated by human freedom. These three colors also represent three regions of Ethiopia: Tikleh (red), Amhara (yellow) and Theo (green). Green represents fertile land, mild climate and rich plant resources, but also symbolizes hope for the future; yellow symbolizes peace and fraternity, as well as the people's determination to build the country. Red symbolizes that the people are ready to shed blood to defend the motherland in 2000. Since EFP came to power in 2000, it has established a federal system of government based on regional national autonomy, focusing on economic development and focusing on the coordination of relations among stability, development and national unity. [1]

Constitution

On 8 December 1994, the Ethiopian Constituent Assembly adopted the fourth Constitution, the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, which entered into force on 22 August of the following year. The new constitution consists of 11 chapters and 106 articles, which stipulates that Ethiopia is a federal state with a separation of powers and a parliamentary system. The president is the head of state for a term of six years. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet have the supreme executive power, and the cabinet is jointly formed by the majority parties or political alliances and is collectively accountable to the people's House of Representatives.

All ethnic groups have equal autonomy and enjoy the right of national self-determination and secession. after the legislative body of any nation has adopted the request for separation by a majority of 2%, the federal government should organize the ethnic group to conduct a referendum within 3 years, and the majority can secede from the federation. Each state can use its own language to work for the state. Private property is protected, but the state has the right to expropriate for a fee. Urban and rural land and natural resources shall be owned by the state and may not be bought, sold or transferred. A multi-ethnic national army and police force shall be established, and the army shall not interfere in politics. Safeguard citizens' democratic freedoms and fundamental rights

Producing area: Sidamo

Variety: Native Arabica

Treatment: washing

Flavor: medium sweet and sour aromas of sun berries, citrus, slightly fermented fruit, fruit wine.

Palate: comfortable and interesting sour fruit, good sweetness and low thickness.

Baking degree: medium baking area: Sidamo

Variety: Native Arabica

Treatment: washing

The highlands of western Ethiopia have given birth to new varieties of coffee that are resistant to fruit disease or leaf rust. Ethiopia has many world-famous types of coffee. Some of the major types of coffee are famous for their unique aromas and flavors, including the following:

Limu Coffee

This kind of coffee grows in areas ranging from 1400 to 2000 meters above sea level. After wet processing, this kind of coffee has a rich fragrance, a full fruit with moderate acidity and alkalinity, high quality and attractive spicy flavor. It is estimated that out of 49000 hectares of cultivated area, the average annual production of this coffee is 29000 tons (equivalent to 480000 bags of 60 kg coffee).

In February 1977, Lieutenant Colonel Mengistu Haier Maryam (MENGISTU HAILE MARIAM) launched a military coup and served as Chairman and head of State of the interim military Administrative Council. In 1979, the Ethiopian Labor people's Party Organizing Committee, mainly composed of soldiers, was established to implement an one-party system. In 1984, the Ethiopian Workers' Party was formed according to the Soviet Communist Party model. In September 1987, Mengistu announced the dissolution of the "interim military Administrative Council", the end of military rule, the establishment of the "people's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia" and the establishment of a new parliament, with Mengistu as president and head of government.

In March 1988, the rebel "Eritrean people's Liberation Front" (EPLF) and the "Tigre people's Liberation Front" (TPLF) launched an attack on government forces, and a large-scale civil war broke out. In 1989, the Eritrean people's Liberation Front occupied most of Eritrea. On May 28, 1991, the EGF troops, mainly the Tigre people's Liberation Front, entered Addis Ababa and the Mengistu regime collapsed.

In December 1994, the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was formulated. According to the Constitution, Ethiopia will implement a federal system and a parliamentary cabinet system after the general election for a term of five years. After the national election in May 1995, the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was established on August 22, and Meles became prime minister in her capacity as chairman of the majority party of the people's House of Representatives. On May 14, 2000, Ethiopia held a national election, and EGF defeated other opposition parties by an absolute majority to stay in power. In October, the new federal parliament and government were established, and the speakers of both houses and Prime Minister Meles were re-elected, and the original cabinet also remained in office with the approval of the parliament. In October 2001, May adjusted the government structure and reshuffled the cabinet, adding the Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture and the Ministry of Taxation, and set up a new cabinet composed of 18 ministers.

Antigua coffee can be traced back to the Mayan civilization. Due to the eruption of the volcano, the soil here is more nutritious, and the sufficient sunlight and moisture also make the coffee produced excellent quality. Most importantly, the residents here insist on growing Arabica bourbon coffee, although the yield is small, but the texture is better. The residents of Antigua prefer an one-time harvest because they grow coffee in a large area, and use the ancient sun method to remove the skin and flesh of the coffee fruit. People pluck the ripe fruit and the immature fruit together, and even mix the leaves with them and expose them to the sun. Spread out on the ground for such a long time, coffee beans are easy to absorb the miscellaneous smell of the soil, so they often have a strange salty taste. Beginners often can't stand the strange taste, but people who are used to it like it very much. Coffee farmers in Antigua earn very little. But they themselves said: even if they are poor, they are still happy because of coffee.