Can I grow coffee in China? Technical record of Seedling, planting and Shade cultivation in Qianjie Coffee Plantation

This article comes from Qianjie Coffee Plantation. Qianjie Coffee began its breeding and breeding program in 2014. All the pictures come from our records.

1. Raising seedlings

In order to improve the budding rate of Qianjie coffee, choose the all-red fresh coffee fruit in the latest production season, remove the pulp and spread it on the sand bed, covered with one centimeter of river sand, covered with a layer of rice straw to keep moisture from washing out the seedling sand bed. If the provenance uses foreign provenances, disinfect the seedlings with clean water and potassium permanganate first to prevent seedling infection in advance.

Nursery preparation:

The selection of nursery should pay attention to the shading effect. Seedlings exposed to direct sunlight are easy to die and reduce the survival rate. Therefore, the nursery must have shading equipment, shading materials can use shading nets, thatch or straw, or you can choose to form a nursery under rows of big trees to cultivate coffee seedlings. Secondly, as a nursery, there needs to be adequate water supply. At the same time, drainage facilities should be done well. Poor drainage can easily cause seedlings to rot. Qianjie coffee plantations in Yunnan, like most coffee producing areas, are harvested in the dry season, so seedlings need to be watered and watered every day during this period.

Normally, it takes 30-60 days for seeds to germinate after sowing. When sprouting, first stick out the growing root, put the coffee beans up and straight up, and then protrude a pair of cotyledons about two weeks later. About a month later, the first pair of true leaves will grow. After the seeds sown on the seedbed grow 2-4 pairs of true leaves, they can be transplanted into a 4-inch nursery bag to facilitate transplanting.

When the seedlings grow 8-10 pairs of cotyledons, opposite lateral branches begin to grow, and then a pair of lateral branches grow at each pair of cotyledons. More than a year after sowing, the seedlings grow to 2-3 feet tall, with about 3-4 pairs of lateral branches. Suitable for planting in prepared coffee fields. If planted in Yunnan producing areas, the rainy season in Yunnan begins at the end of May. One and a half years of seedlings can be planted at the beginning of the rainy season. The rainy season will last until October, with half a year of rainy season for coffee seedlings to take root.

two。 Colonization

Coffee seedlings grow to more than 60%, that is, suitable for planting seedlings, easy to transport, the root system will not be too long, planting will not destroy the main root.

1)。 Choose a suitable planting site

Coffee cultivation, must choose a well-drained site and soil quality, the soil is better with sandy loam. The poor drainage of clayey soil limits the growth of roots, which reflects the growth of coffee trees. It is best to avoid planting in clayey soil areas.

2)。 Land preparation

It is necessary to do a good job in land preparation before planting. There are several main points:

a. Remove weeds from the ground.

b. Decide whether to make a bed or plant a hole, and arrange the corresponding quantity in advance so that you have enough time to bask in the soil.

c. The plant spacing of coffee is 2m and the row spacing is 2-3m, which is convenient to harvest, with an average of 200 plants per mu. (330 strains of Katim)

3)。 Colonization

Before planting, determine the plant spacing and row spacing, and then dig the planting hole, 30 cm wide and 30 cm deep, put one to two kilograms of base fertilizer at the bottom, and then cover with a thin layer of soil.

Row spacing and plant spacing: row spacing 2-3 meters, plant spacing 1.5-3 meters.

When planting, the coffee seedlings will be torn off the seedling bag and put into the planting hole. The best planting method is to put the seedlings into the planting hole at an angle of 30 degrees. The seedlings will produce several new buds from near the soil surface. However, this approach slows down the growth of coffee trees, with the advantage that the new plants are stronger and less likely to lodge. After the seedlings are placed, they are compacted with soil.

3. Shade / water

When growing Arabica coffee, consider planting shade trees, if there is no shade, it will affect the growth of coffee trees. Shade trees can choose some local trees that do not bear fruit, so as not to compete for fat, and the crown should not be too exuberant. Keep away from the coffee tree when planting. In the early stage of planting, bananas can be planted with coffee seedlings at the same time, because banana trees grow very fast and can achieve shading effect in a short period of time. As banana trees grow rapidly and form excessive shade, attention should be paid to the row distance between banana trees and coffee trees, as well as the renewal of banana trees.