Description of taste and flavor of Yunnan small-grain coffee

Description of taste and flavor of Yunnan small-grain coffee

1. Sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction is a reproductive method to obtain a large number of seedlings at one time, the first is seed selection and seed treatment, improved varieties are the basis of cultivating strong seedlings and increasing per unit yield, we must carefully select improved varieties, on coffee mother trees, choose fully mature, normal fruit shape, full and full, the same size, with two seeds of fruit. To remove the peel of the selected fruit, you must be careful to prevent the seeds from being damaged and affect the germination rate, and then put the peeled seeds in a ventilated and cool place to dry. After the seed shell is whitened, the seeds can be stored, and the seeds can not be exposed to the sun. Put the seeds into bamboo baskets or cloth bags and turn them once a month in the mild sun, so that the seeds stored for a long time can maintain a high germination rate. After the bottom of the seedling bed is arranged, the seeds can be sowed. According to sowing 1 kg of seeds, 1.5 square meters of seedbeds are needed, and each kilogram of seeds is about 3500 Mel 4000 seeds. If the emergence rate is more than 80%, the seedlings can be transferred to 2500 Mel 3000 plants. Before sowing, seeds can be soaked in 40 ℃ warm water for 12 hours to accelerate germination, and the effect is the best. The seedlings can emerge 80 days after sowing. When there are two leaves in the seedlings, the seedlings can be transplanted into a nutrition bag for management. The seedling bed is drenched with water when the seedlings are raised. Take more soil with the roots as much as possible, and be careful not to hurt the roots and stems. After planting, pour enough water to set roots and shade with a small shade shed. Seedlings are easy to die from drought, so water should be replenished in time, and water should be drenched twice a day, but less in rainy days. Water and fertilizer should be applied for the first time when the seedlings grow to 3 true leaves, 1000 kg of human feces and urine, 5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 2000 kg of water per mu, and then 5 pairs of true leaves and 8 pairs of true leaves should be applied once respectively, and the seedlings should stop applying water and fertilizer for 2 months before emergence, so that the seedlings can survive after planting.

The quality of coffee depends on many factors, such as growing environment, climate, cultivation and management techniques and so on. Its best growing environment is low latitude, high altitude, sufficient rainfall and suitable sunshine, so the north latitude is 15. The ideal growing area for coffee is between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer. However, other areas in this zone, such as Hawaii and Saudi Arabia in the United States, or low altitude or little rain in the desert, are not conducive to coffee growth, only southern Yunnan in this zone happens to have all kinds of conditions. According to the determination of experts, small seed coffee should be planted in the mountains at an altitude of 800 to 1800 meters. If the altitude is too high, it will taste sour, and if it is too low, it will taste bitter. Yunnan coffee is mostly planted in dry and hot valleys at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level, so it has a moderate sour taste, rich and mellow aroma. In terms of climatic conditions, the long light time in southern Yunnan is conducive to plant growth and photosynthesis, and the large temperature difference between day and night and low temperature at night are conducive to the accumulation of coffee nutrients. Therefore, the effective nutrients of Yunnan small-grain coffee are higher than those of other foreign coffee varieties. Small seed coffee is easy to be infected with rust, and the yield and quality of embroidery disease are deeply affected. In the hot area of Yunnan, due to the distinct dry and wet, the red ripening of fresh fruit enters the dry season every year, and the relative humidity is low, which is not conducive to the formation and growth of rust blister. Due to the excellent quality of Yunnan coffee, it entered the London market with "Lujiang No.1" in the 1960s and was rated as first-class. In recent years, the world-famous coffee companies such as Nestle and McDonnell have come to Yunnan to open up raw material bases, and the products produced in Yunnan are also gradually famous at home and abroad. At present, the average yield of coffee in Yunnan has reached 96.4 kg, and a household contracted land in Lujiang has set a world record of 400 kg. After visiting the coffee garden of Lujiang Farm, Steyhead, a chief coffee expert of the United Nations Planning and Development Program, said: "I have seen countless coffee plantations in the world. The management here is world-class and the yield per unit area is the highest."