Introduction to varieties grown in Mexican coffee producing areas in North American countries

In North America, there are many well-known coffee producing countries, such as Guatemala, Panama, Costa Rica, Jamaica and so on. Mexico is less well-known than other coffee producing countries, but it has also performed well in recent years.

Mexico Mexcio

The United States of Mexico (United Mexican States) is located in the southern part of North America, the northwestern tip of Latin America, bordered by the United States in the north, Guatemala and Belize in the south, the Caribbean Sea in the east and the Pacific Ocean in the west. With a land area of 1.9644 million square kilometers, it is the third largest country in Latin America.

The Mexican flag is rectangular and consists of three parallel vertical rectangles of green, white and red from left to right, in which green symbolizes independence and hope, white symbolizes peace and religious belief, and red symbolizes national unity.

Mexico's national emblem is painted in the middle of the flag. The national emblem shows an eagle spreading its wings with a snake in its mouth, one claw holding the snake and the other on a cactus growing on a rock in the lake. The content of the national emblem comes from the legend of Mexican history, and the cactus is the national flower of Mexico, symbolizing the Mexican nation and its indomitable fighting spirit. At the bottom of the pattern are the branches and leaves of oak and laurel, symbolizing strength, loyalty and peace.

Mexico is surrounded by the Madre Mountains on the east, west and south, with the Mexican plateau in the center and the flat Yucatan Peninsula in the southeast, while most of the coastal areas are long and narrow plains, with the famous Twantepec isthmus and Central America.

Mexico has a complex and diverse climate. Due to its many highlands and mountains, the plateau is mild all the year round, with an average temperature of 10-26 ℃. The northwest interior has a continental climate, the coastal and southeastern plains have a tropical climate, and the south has a tropical rain forest climate. Most areas are divided into two seasons: drought (October-April) and rain (May-September). Mexico is well suited for coffee cultivation because of its diverse climate, fertile volcanic soil, suitable temperature and high altitude.

Coffee producing area

There are more than 500,000 producers in the country, of which more than 95% are small growers with less than 2.83 hectares of land. Planting is distributed in 16 states, although more than 90% are distributed in the four main producing areas in the south: Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Veracruz, and Puebla, Puebla.

Chiapas, Chiapas: Chiapas is located at the southernmost tip of Mexico, on the border of Guatemala. Boutique coffee is grown between 1300 and 1700 meters and has 178000 farmers, mostly small-scale family farmers. It is the largest coffee-producing state in Mexico. Coffee is grown in nine parts of Chiapas, of which Selva Region is the largest in the northeast and Soconusco Region in the southernmost.

Oaxaca, Oaxaca: Oaxaca is located in the northwest of Chiapas, and the western part of the state is near the Pacific Ocean. Coffee farms are generally 90-1650 meters above sea level, but the state's coffee production technology is relatively backward.

Veracruz Veracruz: Veracruz is also located in the northern state of Oaxaca, near the Caribbean, and coffee is grown in mountains 1100-1600 meters inland. Veracruz is currently the most technologically advanced, and many disease-resistant varieties are grown in the state.

Puebla State Puebla: Puebla State, located southeast of the country's capital Mexico City, is home to the famous active volcano Popocatepeter volcano. The coffee produced here is affected by altitude and volcanic soil, and has a more complex coffee flavor.

Coffee variety

The main varieties of Mexican coffee include: Typica, Bourbon Bourbon, Kaddura Caturra, Maragogype, Pacamara, Garnica, New World Mundo Novo, Rosa Gesha and so on, of which the more special is Garnika Garnica.

Garnica:Garnica is a cross between Mundo Novo and Caturra. It was developed by the Mexican Coffee Institute (INMECAF É) in the 1960s and is similar to Catuai.