Detailed explanation of common coffee varieties in global coffee producing areas (Part 1)

There are many kinds of coffee beans, and Arabica is the most common species. In fact, coffee beans are the seeds of the fruit of coffee trees. They are mainly divided into three categories: Arabica, Arabica, Robusta and Liberica.

At present, the world's boutique coffee is mainly Arabica varieties, with the development of the coffee industry, through continuous transplantation, mutation and hybridization, but also gave birth to many varieties. At present, the iron pickup and bourbon varieties are the most important Arabica varieties in coffee genetics in the world, and many coffee varieties have evolved from these two varieties.

Iron pickup Typica

The name of the iron pickup comes from the Latin word "Typica", which means "typical". The iron pickup tree species have more distinct characteristics, the whole plant is a tall variety, up to 5 meters, and the distance between the nodes of the fruit is long. The top leaf is bronzed, the surface of the leaf is smooth, and the wave at the edge point is not obvious. The fruit is mainly red, and the beans are large, pointed, oval or thin. However, the yield of this variety is small, and has requirements for altitude, at the same time, it is relatively fragile, and it is easy to be infected with coffee leaf rust, and its ability to resist disease and insect pests is weak.

In the 1940s, most coffee-producing countries in South and Central America grew tin cards, but because of their low yields and susceptibility to disease, they were gradually replaced by some new varieties. At present, it is mainly grown in Peru, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, Yunnan, China and Kona, Hawaii.

At present, there are many varieties of iron card coffee beans in Qianjie Coffee, such as Jamaica Blue Mountain, which are washed with water and have a balanced, mellow taste, pleasant aroma and long-lasting finish and sweetness.

Bourbon Bourbon

In the early 17th century, French missionaries introduced the island of Reunion from Yemen, which was also known as the Bourbon "Le Bourbon" before 1789, so the coffee variety was also named Bourbon "Bourbon". Bourbon and iron pickup plants are also tall varieties, but bourbon has more branches, thicker trunks and branches, and denser fruit nodes, so there are more bourbon than tin trucks in yield.

The bourbon leaves are wide, the edges are wavy, and the parietal leaves are mainly green. The fruit tends to be round, and the ripe fruits are red, orange and yellow. the beans are smaller and round as a whole. Bourbon species are as suitable for growing at high altitudes as tin cards, and are also vulnerable to leaf rust and insect pests, but produce more than tin cards.

Since the mid-19th century, bourbon came to America with missionaries, introduced to Brazil and spread to other parts of South and Central America, and is still grown in El Salvador, Honduras and Brazil. Qianjie Coffee has a half-sun-treated Shirado coffee, as an entry selection, with chocolate flavor and nutty flavor, taste balanced.

Rose summer Geisha

Rose was first discovered in the Kaffa forest in southern Ethiopia in 1931. The name comes from a mountain called Gesha, but because there is no fixed translation from Ethiopian dialect to English at that time, the variety was written as "Geisha" when it was first recorded, so most people later used the name "Geisha".

Rosa rugosa is a tall variety in plants, with long spacing between branches, thin trunks and branches, smooth and slender leaves, coffee cherries and fruits.

The rose collected in Ethiopia at that time was sent to the Lyamungu Research Station in Tanzania and the Centre for Tropical Agriculture and higher Education (CATIE) in Costa Rica, and named it "T2722". T2722 was distributed throughout Panama for tolerance to coffee leaf rust until it was discovered by Panamanian jadeite owners and used to participate in the best Panamanian BOP competition and auction. Rosa variety got the highest score and the highest price at that time. At the same time, it has caused a global sensation, and many countries have introduced rose varieties for planting, so rose varieties are currently planted in Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala and other countries.

However, there are many kinds of rose summer, such as Gori Rose Summer Gori Gesha and Rose Summer 1931Gesha 1931. Because of the fame of Rosa, Adam Overton and his wife set up their own coffee farm, so they returned to Ethiopia to find the birthplace of Rosa and found an area in the Bench Maji area that might be primitive Rose, and established the Village of Gesha Village Rose.

Rose summer 1931Gesha 1931 is the original rose summer variety found by the landowner Adam Overton in the rose forest. By genetic comparison, it is very close to the Panamanian rose summer variety, so it is named Rosa 1931. Then, in 2011, the owner found a kind of coffee bean similar to Rosa in Gori Forest, 12 kilometers away from the manor, so he brought it back to the manor for planting and named it Gori Roxia Gori Gesha.