Introduction of coffee producing areas, coffee varieties and Manning coffee in Indonesia, a coffee producing country in Asia

Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia, connected with Papua New Guinea, East Timor and Malaysia. It is made up of 17508 islands and is the largest archipelago country in the world, spanning Asia and Oceania, and is also a volcanic country. Indonesia is located in the tropics, with a warm and humid climate throughout the year, with an average temperature of 25-27 degrees Celsius and a humidity of 70-90%. It is usually the dry season from April to October and the rainy season from November to March.

In 1696 the Governor of Jakarta (then known as Batavia) received coffee saplings from the Dutch Governor of Malaba, India, but these new saplings were lost in a flood in Jakarta. The second batch of saplings arrived in 1699, and the coffee trees flourished in this season.

In fact, at first, Indonesia only produced Arabica, but coffee leaf rust became prevalent in 1876 and many coffee trees had to be eradicated. At that time, some farmers tried the Liberika (Liberica) variety, but it was also difficult to resist leaf rust. As a result, people began to change to disease-resistant Robusta, which still accounts for the majority of the country's coffee production.

Indonesia has many islands, so coffee producing areas are divided into islands. Coffee was originally grown in Java, entered Sulawesi in 1750 and arrived in Sumatra in 1888. Because the climate of each island is different, the harvest time of each island is different.

There are three main producing areas on the island of Sumatra: Aceh province, Lindong near Lake dopa and mangkuraja in the south. Among them, the elevations of Aceh and mangkuraja are 1100-1300 meters above sea level, and those near Lake dopa are 1100-1600 meters above sea level. Lindong area is located in Lindong Huta District, southwest of dopa Lake. In the past, the common "Sumatra manning" sold coffee in the name. Mantenin was not a place name, but an ethnic group on the island. Iron pickup, Tim Tim and Ateng are mainly planted in Sumatra, and the harvest period is from September to December.

There are four largest estates on the island of Java, with a total area of 4000 hectares, and most coffee is grown in eastern Java near the ljen volcano. At 900-1800 meters above sea level, iron pickup, Ateng and USDA are mainly planted, and the harvest period is from July to September.

On the island of Sulawesi, there are seven large estates that produce 5% of the island's coffee, and most of the rest are still produced by small farmers. Most of the Arabica on the island are in the higher elevations of Tana Toraja and the southern city of Kalosi. At 1100-1800 meters above sea level, S795, iron pickup, Ateng and Robusta are mainly planted, and the harvest period is from May to November.

Flores is located on an island about 320km east of Bali, where its development is relatively late and its prestige is not high. There are many active volcanoes and extinct volcanoes on the island, the soil is good, at 1200-1800 meters above sea level, mainly planting Ateng, Ironpika, Luo Busta, the harvest period is May-September.

The coffee industry in Bali was severely frustrated by the eruption of the Gunung Agung volcano in 1963, when the government began to encourage coffee cultivation in the 1970s and 1980s, when Arabica seedlings were given unsuccessfully, Robusta was later planted in 80% of the island, and tourism became the most important source of income for the island. The island is planted at 1250-1700 meters above sea level, mainly Robusta and iron pickup, and the harvest period is from May to October.

In addition to Robusta, the country's main coffee varieties, Arabica's five popular coffee beans in Indonesia are introduced.