What do "G1" and "G2" mean in Ethiopian coffee beans?

At present, Ethiopia is the largest coffee producer in Africa and the recognized birthplace of coffee. It has a long history of growing coffee. And because Ethiopia has unique natural conditions, Ethiopian coffee has a variety of different flavor performance, unique floral flavor, citrus flavor deeply loved by many coffee lovers. Regular buyers of Ethiopian coffee beans will find "G1" or "G2" written on the coffee beans. What does this mean? In fact, G1 and G2 are Ethiopia's grades for its coffee beans.

Initially, the Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture had a department called CLU (Cupping and Liquoring Unit), which was responsible for the quality of coffee for export. At that time, CLU was simply classified according to the number of defects, and because of the wide variety of coffee in Ethiopia, it was difficult to identify, so the original species "Heirloom" was collectively referred to as these coffee beans, and as most of the coffee trees grew in wild or semi-wild states, when the harvest season came, farmers would not take the initiative to distinguish between varieties and sent them to nearby processing plants for processing, which made coffee beans look uneven in size and shape. As a result, Ethiopia could not be graded according to the size of raw beans as in other countries, so the Ethiopian government decided to use defect rates.

According to the initial classification, by sampling every 300g coffee beans, according to the number of defects are divided into G1-G5 a total of 5 grades, only G1 and G2 grades are considered boutique coffee. Because the quality of the coffee treated with water was more stable than that of the sun at that time, only the washing treatment could reach the grade of G1 or G2, and the sun beans were usually in the grade of G3 or below.

Until 2009, the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (Ethiopian Commodity Exchange, referred to as ECX) established, and updated the coffee classification system, in addition to the original defect rate classification, but also need to combine the cup test score to comprehensive rating. And with the improvement of coffee processing technology, sun-cured coffee beans are not only G3, G4 or G5, through the cup test evaluation, high-quality sun-cured coffee beans will also have G1 and G2 grades.

And the standard of coffee for export was revised for the latest time in March 2022. ECX defines sun and water washing as three types, which are divided into boutique coffee (Speciality coffee), commercial coffee (Commerical coffee) and domestic coffee (Domestic coffee). The quality of high-quality coffee is less defective beans, cup test flavor is higher, commercial coffee is not up to the boutique level, but higher than the domestic coffee, the final domestic coffee is more defective beans, out of season and poor storage of coffee beans.

All coffees were preliminarily rated after distinguishing between sun and water washing, and six grades were selected (UG grade includes P with sheep skin and NP without sheep skin).

In the score definition of washing treatment, physical characteristics account for 40%, and there are four items: defect number (20%), bean shape (10%), color (5%) and smell (5%). In addition, the cup test quality accounted for 60%, with cleanliness, acidity, taste and flavor characteristics, a total of 4 items, each accounting for 15%.

In the score definition of tanning treatment, physical characteristics account for 40%, which consists of two items: the number of defects (30%) and odor (10%). The cup test quality of sun treatment and water washing treatment both accounted for 60%, and they were scored on the basis of cleanliness, acidity, taste and flavor characteristics, and the four items all accounted for 15%.

Raw beans that have won G1 and G2 in the preliminary rating will be professionally tested again to assess their potential as a boutique coffee. The raw beans of G1 and G2 with score of 85 or more were rated as Q1, the raw beans of G1, G2 and G3 with scores of 80-84.75 were rated as Q2, and all G1meng, G2 and G3 with scores less than 80 were rated as G3.

Coffee beans with Q1 and Q2 grades will be exported as boutique coffee (Speciality coffee), while other coffee beans with secondary rating G3 and initial rating G4 and below will be exported as commercial coffee (Commerical coffee), while coffee beans that have not been selected in the preliminary selection will be used as domestic coffee (Domestic coffee), which will only be sold domestically but not exported.

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