The Brazilian government will sell IAC coffee experimental farmland and germplasm bank!

According to Brazilian media reports, the government of the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo recently planned to sell a plot in the state called S ã o Jos é, which is 7 hectares in size. But the move was opposed by the Brazilian Institute of Agricultural Research in Campinas (IAC) and the Association of Scientific researchers of the State of Sao Paulo (APqC), all because the land sold involved IAC's Santa Elisa farm.

Initially in August last year, the Sao Paulo Minister of Agriculture mentioned plans to sell plots, and the government intended to auction some farms and properties with high costs and limited social or economic returns, which would then be used for real estate development. According to IAC's board of directors, the government has the authority to sell the area, but there is still no announcement to provide technical advice on the transfer of plants.

It is reported that the Campinas Agricultural Research Institute (IAC) is the oldest agricultural research center in Brazil and even in the world, established in 1973 in the state of Sao Paulo. The organization focuses on the conservation, genetic research and breeding of different plants and species, including coffee, as well as the popularization of science and technology such as experimental farming and soil, and has also formed a planting base for soybeans, coffee, sugar cane and other cash crops in Brazil.

On the Santa Elisa farm in question, there are unique specimens of various coffee varieties grown by IAC and contain the oldest Arabica coffee plant population in the world, which is the largest coffee germplasm bank in Brazil and one of the largest in the world. In the experimental area of the farm, there are about 5000 "germplasm" representing different coffee varieties, many of which are rare or endangered coffee varieties that have been introduced from all over the world in recent years.

The Association of Scientific researchers of the State of Sao Paulo believes that Brazil can become a major agricultural country in the world thanks to IAC's introduction of coffee varieties and continuous research and development to find coffee varieties suitable for Brazilian environmental and climatic conditions since its establishment. In addition, many varieties grown in coffee-producing countries are also developed and released by IAC. It is said that 70 per cent of the world's commercially grown coffee varieties can be traced back to the research results of IAC institutions and have made a great contribution to the global coffee industry.

In recent years, there have also been breakthroughs in Santa Elisa Farm research, including the discovery of wild decaffeinated Arabica coffee varieties, and the current deterministic phase of research on the cultivation of "natural decaffeinated" coffee, IAC research in Brazil will be crucial for the global industry to unleash the true market potential of these varieties.

In addition, coffee production peaked in Brazil in 2020, but coffee production was severely reduced when Brazil suffered frost in 2021, when coffee prices soared by nearly 13%. But since then Brazil has been receiving continued interference from the weather, and at the beginning of this year, when Brazil suffered its worst drought in more than 70 years, Brazilian coffee production fell again, causing coffee prices to rise again. But Brazil's IAC has been studying coffee varieties that are suitable for growing in Brazil and can withstand bad weather.

In addition to the research and development of the coffee industry, the research of other crops is focused on the farm. If the farm land is sold by the government, a lot of research and development will be hindered or stopped, which is not conducive to the future development of Brazilian coffee and other agricultural industries.

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