The picked ripe fruit of coffee has a red skin.

Coffee trees usually blossom in 3-4 years, about 2-3 months a year, and their appearance and smell are similar to those of jasmine. when they bloom, they grow in clusters on the branches and bloom for 3-5 days. After the flowers bloom, they bear small green fruits, which ripen and turn red into ripe fruits that can be picked after a few months.

The skin of ripe fruit is red. Because its shape and color are similar to cherries, ripe coffee fruit is called coffe cherry in many places. Under the bright red pericarp, the peel, pulp and a sweet sticky yellow substance wrap the coffee beans.

Normally, each fruit has two coffee beans, flat opposite to each other. There are also coffee trees that sometimes produce smaller fruits with only one coffee bean in it. This single coffee bean has a different name-peaberry, single bean or perla. It has no flat surface and is almost round. Because its quantity is very small and must be specially selected and collected together, the price is much higher than ordinary coffee beans. Many people think that the taste of round beans is particularly good, because its round bean shape can closely wrap the original taste of coffee in the beans, the taste is very strong, and is regarded as the best of coffee beans.

Most Arabica coffee beans mature from June to August and Robasta coffee beans from September to October. Therefore, although in some countries where the dry and wet seasons are not obvious, such as Colombia and Kenya, there are two flowering periods a year, that is, two harvests, but strictly speaking, there is only one harvest a year.

The harvest time of coffee varies from region to region. Regions north of the equator (such as Ethiopia and Central America) are generally harvested from September to November. South of the equator, such as Brazil and Zimbabwe, although the harvest can last until August, the main one is in April or May. Countries in the equatorial region, such as Uganda and Colombia, can harvest all year round, especially those plantations that can make good use of different elevations. As a result, there may be new coffee beans for most of the year.

Coffee fruits should be harvested immediately, and it is not easy to harvest coffee fruits at different ripening stages on the same tree. Generally speaking, it takes as long as 4-5 months to receive a full harvest from the initial harvest. If ripe and immature fruits are harvested at the same time, the quality of coffee will be reduced. Therefore, high-quality coffee is picked one by one by hand to maintain the perfect taste of the coffee.

Within a year, a typical Arabica coffee tree picks less than 5 kilograms of fruit and can be made into about 1 kilogram of coffee beans.