Yunnan coffee industry is ready to start.

Strong industry, "green" first

Zhang Kui said that when he grows 50 mu of coffee, his annual net income can reach 170,000 yuan to 80,000 yuan, while planting corn in the same area can only earn 10,000 to 20,000 yuan a year. Due to the guidance of policy and the high profit of planting coffee, the planting area of coffee in Yunnan has increased from 23000 mu in 1988 to 1.02 million mu now.

Rapid growth also brings some problems, such as "reclaiming a coffee garden and destroying a mountain". In the past, in order to expand the planting area of coffee, the extensive reclamation method of cutting and burning was sometimes adopted, which not only destroyed the ecological environment, but also was not conducive to the growth of coffee.

"Coffee doesn't understand family planning, so it's up to us to help it plan." At the coffee technology training course held by the Yunnan Coffee Industry Association a few days ago, Hou Jiazhi, a Nestle agronomist, said humorously. He told Ka Nong that the growth capacity of coffee is very strong, so the reclamation method of chopping down and burning it all cannot be adopted. Good coffee gardens should appropriately plant shade trees or retain natural shade trees. Hilltops and ridges are also not suitable for growing coffee. Native vegetation should be protected as much as possible.

Lu Han, director of the coffee office in Pu'er City, said: "We are now taking coffee as the main green industry." We should not only develop the economy, but also protect the ecology. As the coffee market is affected by fluctuations in the international market, they also advocate planting other cash crops such as Pu'er tea while growing coffee, so as to effectively reduce the risk caused by market fluctuations.

Finishing, high return Hou Jiazhi said that occasionally there will be some agricultural universities.

It has brought coffee from afar, but it cannot be purchased because it does not meet the product standards of Nestl é. "many substandard coffee beans are not a problem in the planting stage, but the mistakes made by farmers in picking, processing and transportation have affected the quality of coffee and reduced the added value of coffee beans," he said. "

After the coffee beans are harvested, they have to go through two steps of peeling, fermentation, soaking, drying, storage and transportation before they can become the coffee in our cup. Every link is very important to the quality of the finished product, and if something goes wrong, the previous efforts will be wasted. It has become a new problem for Yunnan coffee industry to enhance the added value of products and increase the income of farmers through intensive processing in the later stage.

Hou Jiazhi told reporters that Nestl é buys farmers' curry beans according to the spot price of the New York market every year, which is much higher than the average market price, and a better purchase price means higher quality requirements. To this end, Nestl é has launched an agricultural technical assistance service project in Yunnan Province. so far, more than 5000 farmers have received training in planting, quality control and processing techniques, benefiting more than 20, 000 farmers.

Song Guomin, dean of Yunnan Tropical crops Vocational College, told reporters that they are applying to the state for the establishment of a coffee major. If successful, this will be a precedent for domestic colleges and universities to set up a coffee major. The training of this major will focus on the end of the industrial chain, including coffee processing, sales, cup products and so on.

Technology really plays a role only in the hands of farmers. In the "last kilometer" of connecting technology dissemination, the social service role of coffee processing enterprises is becoming more and more prominent. In 2011, Nestl é agricultural experts wrote a comprehensive "Coffee planting Handbook", which was presented by Pu'er municipal government to local farmers, covering the whole process from coffee planting to processing and transportation.

Casting brands, waiting for cocoons to be broken

Coffee in China is mainly grown in Yunnan and Hainan provinces, of which Yunnan coffee production accounts for about 90% of the country's total output. As early as the 1950s, Yunnan small-grain coffee was very popular in the international coffee market and was rated as the top grade of coffee. Because it grows at high altitudes, it also has a poetic name-Coffee in the Cloud.

However, in the fast-growing global coffee market, Yunnan coffee only shows its sharp corners. At present, global coffee consumption is growing at an annual rate of about 2.5%, while Yunnan coffee production accounts for less than 1% of the world's total output, and has not yet established its own brand. "Yunnan Coffee needs more enterprises with advanced management experience to join it to tap the potential of coffee beans and achieve brand success. International companies such as Nestl é and Starbucks have contributed to the development of Yunnan coffee industry. " Li Gongqin, Secretary-General of Yunnan Coffee Industry Association.

Lu Han told reporters that there are now 12 enterprises in Pu'er City alone with export qualifications. Especially after China's entry into WTO, there is an increasingly close relationship between Yunnan coffee and the world coffee market.