Coffee goes through all over the world

From the 17th century to the early 18th century, the habit of drinking coffee spread from Europe, from the west to the whole of Europe, and eastward to India and present-day Indonesia. As for coffee as a growing crop, the Islamists brought the seeds from Yemen to India, and then Europe introduced the seeds to Ceylon and Java. Seeds were brought from Java to indoor botanical gardens in Amsterdam and Paris, and then to the Caribbean and South America to become cash crops. in a short period of a few decades, millions of coffee trees were planted in large quantities in the garden, becoming a money-making tool for farm owners and businessmen. It is also the spiritual source of many philosophers and thinkers who gather in cafes in London, Paris, Verna and other places.

Coffee was a brand-new commercial cash crop in the global trade of the 17th and 18th centuries. in the global trade commodities at that time, there was always a weight-dependent partnership with sugar, both of which were sister cash crops from the tropics. They are very close partners in coffee shops all over the world and in every cup of coffee. However, coffee trees are recognized as far less destructive to nature and harvesting than sugar, so coffee trees must grow under other higher shades, instead of opening up fields on a large scale like sugar cane to destroy the original ecological environment; on the other hand, self-employed farmers who grow coffee trees can still have better money income, while sugar cane farmers are not so lucky!

However, the coffee industry has brought another kind of global irony. It has become a symbol of oppression and liberation. In the tropics, coffee has developed into a social and economical profit-making tool, and it is a very outstanding money-making crop, but it is also based on squeezing the labor of the black people. at the same time, it has become one of the main reasons for the European enlightenment and the French and American political revolutions. At that time, coffee and coffee shops were inextricably linked to major cultural and political changes on a certain level.

In addition, in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, Europeans discovered the second important companion of coffee-milk. For example, the latte (Caffe Latte) made from favorite hot milk and espresso comes from Werner. In 1683, Werner was surrounded by Turks. When the Turkish army withdrew from Werner, they left some coffee beans, which were brought by a man named Franz Kolschitzky to open Werner's first coffee shop. In order to keep the Werner away from the habit of drinking warm beer for breakfast, he had to change the coffee and not drink it in the Turkish way, so he developed a new kind of coffee with milk.

Werner changed the Turkish habit of drinking with dregs to filtering out coffee grounds and adding milk, which quickly spread throughout Europe. At this point, the distinction between drinking methods became more obvious: Europeans in the 17th century drank Turkish coffee with suspended coffee grounds and sugar, while Europeans in the 18th century filtered out the coffee grounds and added milk to drink. It also corresponds to the differences in drinking habits between the Ottoman Turkish Empire and the Catholic regions of Europe. In terms of distance: Europeans secretly or in Italy tend to filter dregs and add milk, while in the Balkans (still part of the Ottoman Turkish territory until the 19th century), most people still prefer to drink coffee in the Turkish way.