Popular science | genealogy of common varieties of coffee

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Noun interpretation

Make up lessons before introducing varieties of genealogy

Coffea / Coffee

The genus Coffee consists of more than 120 species, usually opposite leaves, evergreen shrubs or small trees with horizontal branches. Contains opposite species, one side is flat, and the other side has grooves (right! It's coffee beans! ). Tropical forests are the preferred habitat for most coffee plants. There are about 60 species of coffee plants in the world, of which only 25 species are cultivated to make coffee, of which only 4 species are used as commercial coffee: large fruit coffee (Coffea liberica), medium fruit coffee (Coffea canephora), small fruit coffee (Coffea arabica) and high yield coffee (Coffea dewevrei).

Coffea arabica

The Arabica species, as we often call it, originated in the forests of Ethiopia and southern Sudan, and is now a very famous coffee bean grown all over the world.

Coffea eugenioides

Native to the East African Plateau, including Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya and western Tanzania. Is one of the famous Arabica diploid parent species (Arabica's mother). Has a lower caffeine content than Arabica.

Coffea canephora

The plant class, called Robusta, was recorded in the genus Coffea more than 100 years after it was planted in Arabica. Another of Arabica's diploid parent species (Arabica's father). Originated in sub-Saharan West and Central Africa. Unlike Acarabica, it is largely an efficient cash crop with higher yields and higher caffeine.

Typica and Bourbon

The story of

Arabica species, native to and around Ethiopia, then entered neighboring Yemen and spread around the world through Yemen. Today's Typicas refers to a group developed from Yemen by Dutch or possibly Baba Budan monks to Java and its outlying islands. The Bourbon we are talking about today is a branch brought to Bourbon by the French.

Typica

Typica is a tall cultivated Arabica species that originated from Yemen to Java and began to spread on the island of Java in the early 18th century.

Its plant is very similar to what we call Java today, with bronze pointed leaves, large fruits and seeds, very low yield, and susceptibility to all major diseases and insect pests.

Typica cultivated variety

Java

Java, which has long fruits and bronzed young leaves, is believed to be a descendant of coffee introduced to Java from Yemen. The variety was first brought from Java to neighboring islands (Timor) and then to East Africa (Cameroon) and was planted in 1980. Introduced to Central America by CIRAD (International Center for Agricultural Research and Development). In Cameroon, this variety is known for its moderate yield and good resistance to coffee berry disease.

Maragogype

A mutant of Typica was first discovered in Brazil in 1870. The fruit is large, long and a little twisted, and the plant has long internodes and large leaves. The output is relatively low.

Kent

It is believed to be a tall Typica variety that appeared in the Kent/ Kent region of India. This variety has been widely cultivated in India since 1930. One of the varieties is called K7, which is more common in Kenya and is the best rust-resistant coffee bean variety.

Other items of coffee related to Typica/ iron pickup

Kona | Blue Mountain | Sumatra

Criollo | Arabigo | Pluma Hidalgo

Bergundal (Garundang) | San Ramon

San Bernardo (Pache) | Chickumalgur

Blawan Paumah | Sidikalang

K7 | K20 | BMJ | Guatemala

Pache Comum | Pache colis | Villalobos

Bourbon

It is a naturally cultivated species of Arabica that spread from Yemen to the French island of Bourbon (an island in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar).

This variety generally has wider leaves, rounder fruits, stronger stems and more erect plants than Typica. The fruit may be red (Vermelho) or yellow (Amarelo) in different subgroups. But they are also vulnerable to all major diseases and insect pests.

Cultivated varieties of Bourbon

Bourbon Pointu / Laurina

A natural mutation of Bourbon, which originally appeared on the island of Reunion in Reunion/, was first recorded in 1947. The plant is short, showing the shape of a "Christmas tree". Compared with the original Bourbon varieties, the leaves, internodes and fruits are smaller. Compared with other Arabica varieties, they have lower caffeine content. More likely to suffer from leaf rust.

SL28

A tall variety selected and cultivated by the Scott laboratory in Kenya is considered by many to be the Bourbon type. Known for its relative drought tolerance, Ethiopia was introduced from Tanzania. With luxuriant growth, moderate yield and susceptibility to a variety of diseases and insect pests, it is most commonly grown in Zimbabwe.

SL34

A tall variety, also selected and bred by the Scott laboratory in Kenya, has no exact blood relationship, but is thought to be a pure Ethiopian variety, while others think it is a mutation of the Bourbon species. It is more resistant to diseases and insect pests than SL28, and still has high yield in extreme weather conditions such as drought. It has broad leaves and bronze fruit. It is one of the most widely cultivated major varieties in Kenya.

Tekisic

One grown by Bourbon in El Salvador. The fruit is small and the yield is low.

Villa Sarchi

A dwarf mutation of Bourbon found in Costa Rica in 1957 is susceptible to diseases and insect pests.

Pacas

A dwarf mutant of Bourbon was found in the Santa Ana region of El Salvador in 1949. The output is good at high elevations. It is a paternal variety of El Salvador hybrid Pacamara. Susceptible to diseases and insect pests.

Pacamara

A hybrid of Maragogype and Pacas in El Salvador. Susceptible to diseases and insect pests. Released in 1958, but genetically unstable, 10% to 12% will return to Pacas/ Pacas.

Caturra

A dwarf mutant of red bourbon. Found in Brazil in 1937, it is very high yield. The characteristics of leaves and fruits are similar to those of Bourbon varieties, which can produce red or yellow fruits. Susceptible to major diseases and insect pests.

Mocha / Mokka

The dwarf variant of Bourbon is genetically similar to bourbon. There are round fruits. It is believed to be named after the port of Mocha in Yemen, grew up in Yemen and was taken to Reunion/ Reunion Island.

Batian

A tall variety similar to SL28, released by the Kenyan Coffee Institute in 2010 for resistance to rust and berry disease. Obtained by backcross between SL28 and SL34. The young leaves are moderately purple to bronze.

Other coffee items related to Boourbon/ bourbon

French Mission | Yellow Bourbon | Red Bourbon

Orange Bourbon | Pink Bourbon | Mibirizi

Mayaguez | Bourbon Chocola | Semperflorens

Arusha | Ivairi | Cera | Jackson

Jackson 2/1257

Typica and Bourbon

Intraspecific hybrid varieties of

Acaia

A prolific cultivated variety of Mundo Novo grown chiefly in Brazil.

Mundo Novo

A tall variety formed by IAC in Brazil in the 1940s through a natural cross between Sumatra (Typica) and red bourbon. The yield is good, but it is vulnerable to major diseases and insect pests.

Catuai

The pure line variety developed by the Brazilian Institute of Agronomy (IAC) is derived from the hybrid between Mundo and Yellow Caturra. Released in 1968, short stature (from Caturra) and yellow or red fruit (Catuai-Amarelo and Catuai-Vermelho, respectively). The yield is good, but it is vulnerable to major diseases and insect pests.

Related single-item coffee

Maracaturra | Rubi

Ouro Verde | Ouro Bronze

Interspecific hybridization

Hybrids / mixed race

Timor hybrid pedigree

A variety produced by crossing Robusta with a natural variety Typica from Timor Island in Southeast Asia. These Robusta hybrid varieties may come from a single Robusta parent variety. It became popular in Timor in the 1950s because of its natural resistance to rust. Shortly after the collection in 1978, it was introduced to Sumatra in Sumatra and Flores in Flores, and some mutations have taken place since then. Different versions of the hybrid began to be used in breeding programs, hoping to introduce rust resistance to new varieties, such as Catimor,Sarchimor and Colombia.

Catimor

A group of hybrid varieties from Hibrido de Timors and Caturra. It began to spread in the 1980s and is very high-yielding, resistant to rust leaf disease and berry disease. One of the earliest widely popular varieties is Costa Rica 95, which has been available since 1995. Others include Catimor 129 and Catimor F6.

Colombia

It was released around 1985 by mixing all kinds of varieties bred by Catimors. Resistant to leaf rust. Because the combination of breeding is complex, it is relatively unstable. It is basically replaced by Castillo in Colombia.

Icatu

A tall variety developed in Brazil. It was bred by the cross between C. canephora interspecific hybrid and bourbon red. Published in the early 1990s. High yield and resistance to leaf rust.

IHCAFE 90

Named after a Honduran coffee institution, it is a cultivated variety of Catimor, which has been grown in Honduras since the 1980s.

Ruiru 11

A mixture of dwarfs produced by artificial pollination by a Kenyan breeding program in the 1970s and 1980s was released in 1985. It is developed based on the need for resistance to pests and pathogens and is a hybrid of Catimor and several coffee berry resistant varieties, such as K7, Rume Sudan and SL28.

Anacafe 14

Maragogype or pacamara were bred with Timor hybrid anacafe. It is rust-proof.

Sarchimor

A group of pure line varieties derived from the hybridization between Villa Sarchi and a Hibido de Timor, such as IAPAR 59 Tupi or Obata, showed good resistance to leaf rust and some had resistance to berry diseases.

Castillo

The most widely cultivated coffee variety in Colombia comes from a cultivated variety in Colombia. It is popular because of its reputation for resistance to leaf rust.

Oro Azteca

A short Carimor plant selected by INIFAP from Mexico. Issued from 1996 to 1997. It has similar rust resistance to most Catimors.

Related single-item coffee

ICAFE 95 | IHCAFE 90 | IAPAR 59

IPAR 103 | Tabi | Costa Rica 95 (CR-95)

Devamachy | Marsellesa | Catigua

Bogor Prada | Tupi | Obata

Catrenic | Paraiso | Rasuna

Catucai | Lempira | Maracatu

Catiga MG2 | Selection 9 | Ateng

Parainema | Arla

Hybrid varieties of other families

Jember/S795

It was obtained by Indian breeders in the 1940s by means of Kent and coffea liberica hybridization. It is named after the tissue ICCRI (Jember Indoesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute) which introduced the variety to Indonesia for the first time. Widely cultivated in India and Indonesia, it initially shows resistance to leaf rust, but weakens over time. The flavor is similar to maple syrup or brown sugar.

Related single-item coffee

S288 | S26

Kalimas | Menado | Kawisari

Ethiopian and Sudanese Coffee

Geisha

The wild variety Ethiopian is now widely cultivated in Central America. Named after a city in western Ethiopia. Brought from Ethiopia to CATIE in Costa Rica and then into the Boquete region of Panama. Here, it becomes very famous because of the Hacienda La Esmeralda Manor of the Peterson family. Excellent cup test performance, susceptible to leaf rust. It is also a cultivated variety released by JARC/EIAR of Ethiopia.

Related single-item coffee

Harrar | Yirgacheffe | Djimma

Lekempti | Sidamo | Agaro

Mugi | Wellega | Melka | Haru

Gera | Mettu | Awada | Wenago

Wenago | Mechara | Alghe | Cioccie S6

Dalle | Abyssinia | Longberry Harrar

Gawe | Melko-CH2 | Ababuna

Tegu | Rambung | Tafarikela

Dega | Ennarea | Dilla | Rume Sudan

Ghimbi | USDA 762 | Barbuk Sudan

Original English address

Http://scaa.org/?page=resources&d=coffee-plants-of-the-world

Original references

[1] 1Wintgens JN. 2009. Coffee: Growing, Processing, Sustainable Production, 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

[2] Ukers W. 1922. All about coffee. New York: The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal Company.

[3] Jobin P. 1982. The coffees Produced throughout the World. Le Havre: P. Jobin and Co.

[4] Specialty Coffee Association of America. 2013. Coffee Biology Field Glossary. California: SCAA.

[5] Clifford MN, Willson KC. 1985. Westport, CT: AVI.

[6] Rothfos B. 1980. Coffee Production. Germany: GORDIAN-Max-Rieck GmbH