The plants of Coffee

Scientific name, belonging to Rhbidceae (Rubiaceae)

Rubiaceae plants are herbaceous shrubs with opposite or whorled leaves and bisexual flowers and berries that can be used for medicine or dye. The flowers of coffee are hermaphroditic, so there is no distinction between male and female coffee beans. There are mostly two beans in the coffee fruit, called Plane Bean, and there are only one bean kernel in a small number of fruits, which is called single wrapped bean or Pear Bean. Coffee is divided into three varieties according to its growth shape, appearance, and the special flavor shell of its nuts.

a. Elaraby plus seed (Arabica) is the earliest variety discovered, Ethiopia is its hometown, its output accounts for 85% of the world's total, its coffee tree is delicate, weak resistance to diseases and insect pests, and is not resistant to high heat, so it should be planted at high altitude, its flavor is elegant and acidic.

b. Robusta, native to the Congo of Africa, was not discovered by the explorer Emile Laurent until the end of the 19th century. It accounts for only 15% of the yield, mostly in the lowlands of the equator, drought-resistant, pest-resistant, rich and bitter, and is the main raw material for refining coffee essence, mainly from Uganda, Java, Vietnam and Ivory Coast.

c. Libby plus seed (Liberica), first found in Libya, beans are long, beans are big and slightly pointed at both ends, shaped like a boat, but the acidity is too heavy and the quality is poor, so there is no such product in the market, but its tall trunk and strong disease resistance can be used as an improved variety.

Second, the growth environment

Coffee trees can only grow in frost-free places with little temperature difference throughout the year, and their growth requires direct sunlight (but only suitable for half-day sunshine), abundant rainfall, and an annual average temperature of 20 ℃-25 ℃, so the origin of coffee is almost always distributed between the earth's Tropic of Cancer, which is generally called coffee belt by experts. Fertile rotting soil and volcanic ash rock are favorite hotbeds for coffee. Other gravel soils are favorite hotbeds for coffee. Other gravel and sand can also be planted. The tree is about 2-3 meters high, and the wild Romsida is 10 meters tall. Planting begins to blossom and bear fruit in four years. Rain Water, who needs abundant coffee flowers in flowering season, is often full of coffee flowers the next day after a rain. The flowers are pure white and have five petals. When coffee is ripe, it is as red as a cherry. Most of each fruit contains two nuts, called Plane Bean, and a small number of those with only one kernel are called pill beans or single packaged beans (Pear Bean).