The planting characteristics of Coffee Bean in the World

Coffee beans from various countries

I. Asia

In most Buddhist countries in Asia, coffee drinking is generally not popular, so most of the coffee produced is exported to Europe and the United States. It is generally known that selected coffee is produced in countries such as Indonesia, Yemen and Papua New Guinea in Asia. In fact, as early as more than 100 years ago, the Chinese nation planted coffee.

1. Taiwan

At the end of the 18th century, coffee saplings were brought to the Philippines by a Spanish missionary from Mexico. Taiwan is only separated from the Bashi Strait and the climate is mild. The Java variety was introduced in 1901 and identified by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1958 as a medium-to-high-grade coffee from Central America.

2. Yunnan

Originated in 1892, a French missionary began to plant in the valleys of Baoshan County. Several Arabica species were introduced from Myanmar in 1914. After 1908, overseas Chinese introduced Robusta and Libyan coffee from Malaysia, Indonesia and other places and planted them in Hainan and other places. Hainan Island is mountainous and less flat, and it is located south of the Tropic of Cancer, which is quite suitable for growing coffee. In 1981, Xinglong overseas Chinese Farm in Hainan Island introduced Arabusta (Arabica and Rubsta mating species) from Brazil and now produces Taiyanghe brand coffee.

From 1970 to 1980, overseas Chinese in Vietnam and Myanmar introduced Arabica species and planted them in Yunnan and Guangxi. Yunnan is mainly cultivated in Dehong and Xishuangbanna, while Guangxi is mainly cultivated in Jingxi, Mubian, Long John and Baise. Simao area to grow Arabica and Cartimo (Catimor), most of the products are sold to Nestl é, Baoshan to grow Tibika and bourbon-based, mellow taste, can be selected coffee. Lujiang's selected first-class coffee "Lujiang No.1" participated in the London International Trade Fair as early as 1940 and was well received.

The Arabica coffee in Yunnan is mainly Ken, Tibika and bourbon, which is fragrant but not strong, with some fruit aroma, low bitterness and good taste. Yunnan coffee has been sold to Japan, Singapore, the United States, Europe, the Royal Coffee Company (Royal Coffee) located in California, is engaged in the selection of coffee trading well-known enterprises, has imported Yunnan coffee.

3. Indonesia

It is an ancient country that produces coffee. It is made up of more than 13000 island countries. Coffee is grown from Sumatra in the west, Java in the middle, Celeb in the north, New Guinea and Valley in the east. Most of them are planted and managed by small farmers, and there is a big gap in quality.

(1) Sumatra Coffee

Selected coffee market, to the first level (Gr1) and gold Manning (Goden Mandheling)-based, after careful selection, large round hot, not many defective beans.

Manning is usually treated with Semi-Wash. After several days of natural drying, the flesh is washed off with hot water, so that the sweetness of the flesh can seep into the seeds, develop into a characteristic mellow flavor, and can be as neat and clean as washed beans. Manning's raw beans are slightly blue and soft, making them the most famous Soft Bean.

Growing up in the high mountains of central Sumatra near the port of Pandang, Mantenin is neck and neck with Ankola coffee. In addition, coffee is also grown in the Ka Young Mountains (Goya Montains) of Aceh province at the northwestern tip of Sumatra, usually with the name "Goya" or "Aceh". The flavor is similar and has the level of selected coffee. Because there are too many growing areas in Sumatra, it is difficult to distinguish. In foreign coffee chains, it is collectively referred to as "Sumatran Coffee".

Before the emergence of Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee, Manning was once considered by experts to be the best coffee in the world. It is full-bodied and wine-like, with an unparalleled smell of grass leaves and sometimes an aroma similar to that of wild mushrooms. Its flavor is low and sophisticated, only a little acidic, and the aftertaste goes deep into the throat for a long time. If you make a comprehensive product with sour coffee beans, it has a hierarchical feeling.

(2) Java coffee

Robusta coffee is grown almost everywhere in Java today, and only on the Ijen Heights in the east, four major government-run farms (namely Jumpit, Blawan, Pankur and Kayumas) are still growing Arabica beans. In the selected coffee market, they are often classified as "Java state Coffee" or given the name of individual farms. Today, all four farms have changed to new trees, but they are still medium-to-medium and mellow.

Nowadays, Arabica in Java is washed with water, which is not commonly used in the sun of old Java beans. Although some people say that the new species is not as good as the old ones, "Java" is almost synonymous with coffee and is still very attractive in the market.

If you mix the steady and introverted mellow taste of Java coffee with the sour taste of mocha coffee, it is a perfect match. Mocha Java is an enduring blend of coffee.

(3) Sulawesi Coffee

Sulawesi (Sulawesi) in the north, formerly known as Siberian Coffee. Sulawesi coffee has the advantages of Indonesian coffee: strong, mellow, grassy, sweet, and smooth taste. In addition, it is more acidic and more balanced in flavor.

In Sulawesi, Toraja in the central region and Kalosi in the southwest produce the best coffee. Among them, tanning Karosi is a bag of hard to get, is the top Indonesian beans, the price is very high.

4. Yemen

It is the first country in the world to grow coffee, mainly on the east coast of the Red Sea, across the sea from Ethiopia. Ancient Yemeni coffee was exported from the port of Mocha, so it is collectively known as "mocha coffee" and is famous to this day. Some people refer to Ethiopia's "Harrar" and "Djimmah" as "mocha", which can be said to be in the name of others.

Due to the dry climate, the Yemeni mocha all use the sun method, with a high mellow taste and wild sour taste, as strong as wine, is quite delicious coffee. Up to now, Yemeni coffee is mostly cultivated in the original method, and many small farmers grow it in their own gardens. Because of their poor appearance (this is the problem with tanning methods), it is not easy to get the first favor.

Yemeni coffee is better known as "Mattari" and "Sanani", and it is even more precious if you meet "Premium Mocha Extra". Generally speaking, Madali has a thick texture, chocolate-like tonality and wild unruly acidity, while Sanani has a balanced taste and good aroma, both of which are VIPs in the selection coffee market.

5. Papua New Guinea

Is a relatively new coffee producing area, its Arabica beans, is a descendant of Blue Mountain Coffee. However, the tropical climate of Southeast Asia makes it so sweet that it can enter the ranks of selected coffee. Use it with espresso to make cappuccino, which has a natural sweetness.

The good coffee in Papua New Guinea is produced by farms, who use a special washing method to wash off the flesh with local natural and pure water, and change clean water every day to prevent the stink during fermentation; finally, the coffee beans are dried in the sun to keep the coffee mellow and naturally fruity. The coffee beans in this area take "AA" as the highest grade, the output is not much, 60% are listed as "Y" grade, it can be seen that the standard of quality control is quite high. Among them, "Arona" coffee is the best. Secondly, the quality of "Sigri" and "Okapa" is also quite good, and it is very popular in the selected coffee market, no matter comprehensive or individual.

II. Africa

Robusta beans are produced in most African countries, but there are outstanding Arabica beans in the vicinity of Ethiopia, East Africa, which is popular in the selected coffee market. East African coffee is very similar in nature, with spicy acidity and good mellow taste, is a distinct taste of coffee.

1. Ethiopia

The northern mountains are the birthplace of coffee, and to this day, indigenous people still pick coffee fruits that are unattended in the wild and make wild coffee beans (there used to be "wild coffee" in the Taipei real pot coffee chain). Ethiopia produces a lot of coffee, and there is a lot of debate about whether it is good or bad, but there is no denying that there are some good quality coffee.

In the selected coffee market, varieties such as "Sidamo Gr2", "Limu Gr2" and "Yirgacheffe" are often seen, among which the latter is the most highly rated.

According to the Ethiopian local classification, Gr2 is the highest grade bean (coffee beans without Gr1). Most of these coffee beans come from new planting areas in the south (close to Kenya), and the quality of washed coffee beans is better. In addition to the characteristics of typical African beans, they have fresh floral fragrance and mysterious taste, and the aftertaste makes people ponder for a long time, unable to understand its secret, so after grinding the beans, you might as well take a deep breath and fully enjoy the aroma.

In general transactions, the most common encounter "Haradou", there are mainly three kinds: Longberry (long beans), Shortberry (short beans) and Mocha Harrar (Hara of round beans), all using the sun method.

Most of the Hara beans come from some small farmers, the quality is uneven, the shape and size is different, the impression is not good, generally as a comprehensive product. Jima beans (Djimmah or Jima or Jimmah) also use the sun method, with a strong taste, good consistency, generally used as a comprehensive coffee.

2. Kenya

Almost all of the country is on high ground, producing high-quality coffee. The state-run Kenyan Coffee Council (Coffee Board of Kenya) is tightly regulated, participates in grading and sometimes mixes coffee beans from different farms to control quality. The coffee farm in Kenya, originally run by the British, is now run by locals, and the organic production equipment is more efficient than that of Colombia.

Kenyan coffee is washed with water, clean and tidy, and beautiful in appearance. It is famous for its moderate mellow taste and wild acidity. Although it has a sharp taste, it tastes close to orange and lemon, similar to fruit wine. The finest Kenyan coffee also smells of wild mold.

Kenyan coffee is divided into AA, A, AB and B. Among them, AB grade exports are the most, in addition, there are premium coffee such as AA+++ and AA++, and occasionally Kenya round beans (Kenya Peaberry), which is even more difficult to find.

3. Zimbabwe

Is a landlocked country, the region is high and dry, only the eastern mountains are rainy, is an ideal coffee producing area. Zimbabwean coffee has similar characteristics to Kenyan coffee and is also washed with water. Although the flavor is not as good as that of Kenya, it has a unique taste of pepper (Peppery Flavour), which is quite special.

Zimbabwe Coffee is also the highest grade of AA, and some farms produce high-quality coffee beans, which are sold in the name of the farm, such as Smaldeel.

4. Malawi

It is also a landlocked country, the whole region is long and narrow in the north-south direction, high and dry, and coffee mainly grows in the highlands of the south. Malawi is planted at a high altitude, between 900 and 1200 feet, with a cool climate and good quality.

Malawi is also the highest at the AA level. Some farms produce high-quality coffee beans, which are favored by selected coffee producers and are sold in the name of the farm. For example, Mapanga, which uses the sun method to produce mellow coffee, is unique in East Africa.

5. Tanzania

Coffee is the crop that many farmers depend on, and the yield is quite large. Tanzanian coffee is washed and treated with water, which is similar to Kenyan coffee, but it has a weak sour taste and is relatively mild, which is generally inferior to Kenyan coffee.

In addition, Tanzania has some old bourbon varieties that produce coffee with good flavor, aroma and mellowness, and its AA beans can be included in the selection of coffee.

Tanzania round beans (Tazania Peaberry), with calm tonality and smooth silk, are often used to make mixed coffee or espresso to increase consistency and mellowness. it is a kind of beans preferred by selected coffee, but the freshly roasted Tanzania beans have a slightly unpleasant sour taste and are not suitable for drinking. After 3 days, they will become mild and have a fairly good taste.

6. Uganda

Robusta is the main species of coffee beans in the country. in addition, Arabica beans produced in Bugishu have a very good flavor and are similar to Kenyan coffee, only slightly mellow. Therefore, in the field of selected coffee, you can see "Bugish AA" coffee beans.

III. America

Because Central and South America was once a colony of European powers, they used cheap local labor to grow coffee and then sold it back to the sovereign state to gain benefits, making Central and South America the largest coffee producer in the world. Generally speaking, coffee from Central America has a mild sour taste and bright tonality, and its sweetness is more obvious, while coffee from South America has a mild tonality and balanced taste.

1. Guatemala

They did not succumb to the external environment, did not cut down the old bourbon coffee trees, nor replanted new ones with higher yields. As a result, there is a lot of excellent coffee, comparable to Costa Rica and better than the existing Colombia.

Guardia beans taste heavier than Costa Rican coffee, with more than a moderate mellow taste and light chocolate-like flavors; it has a Smoky taste that no one can have in the world.

Of all the producing areas, Antigua in the middle and Coban in the north are the most famous. In recent years, Huehuetenanago, a remote fruit in the west, has also been favored by selected coffee industry. its extremely hard beans are also very high-quality coffee.

2. Costa Rica

The mild climate, rainy mountains and fertile soil formed by volcanoes make it possible to breed excellent coffee. The country has a stable political and economic situation and good law and order. It is Switzerland in the coffee world, and many coffee lovers want to visit it. In San Jose, the capital, there are companies that handle coffee ecological tours; in addition, operators from all over the world often form their own groups.

Costa Rican coffee is full of Arabica beans, washed with water, its style is bright, fragrant, clear as wind chimes swaying in the breeze, mild acidity and sweet taste. Because of the sweetness, even if the coffee gets cold, it still tastes good, which is a major feature of Costa Rica. Therefore, when tasting Costa Rican coffee, only a small amount of sugar and cream should be added in order to enjoy its girlish flavor.

The origin of coffee is concentrated in the mountains around the capital Sheng Jose, with Tarrazu in the south the most famous. Coffee is usually named with place names, such as three Rivers Coffee (Tarrazu's Tres Rios), Pandora (Tarrazu's Pandora), Tarrazu's Dota (Tarrazu's San Marcos), etc. Because of its geographical location close to the United States, it is suitable to sell its own products to the world's number one coffee consumer, so Costa Rica's manor coffee came into being.

3. Panama

Most of the Panamanian coffee is grown in the fertile soil on the slopes of the Baru volcano in the western mountains near Costa Rica, producing dark green beans with a light flavor, bright temperament and sweet taste. The coffee beans sold here will bear the name of the region, for example: Baru Volcano Coffee (Baru Volcano), its very hard beans (SHB), is close to the quality of select coffee.

To the east of Mount Baru, there is also Mount Bouqute, which also produces coffee, which is similar in quality and flavor to Balu coffee.

Duran Estate Farm (Duran Farm) is located in the south of Baru and Bockett volcanoes, and its premium beans (Extra Fancy) are selected coffee.

4. Honduras

It is less well-known in the selected coffee market, but it has a good sweetness and can be used to prepare high-quality mixed beans.

5. Mexico

Mexican coffee is not rated highly by the general public and is mostly used to blend blended coffee. However, the Strictly High Grown beans here have good quality, with white wine aromas and nutty and light chocolate tones. The better coffees are produced in Oxaca, Veracruz and other places, all named after the region. In Chiapas, on the border with Guatemala to the south, there is also a quality coffee bean called Tapachula in the market.

6. Jamaica

It produces the best Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee in the world. Its acid, sweet, alcohol and bitter taste is very balanced, taste aromatic, drink up very smooth. Because other coffee choices also have their own characteristics, and taste delicious, the price is quite reasonable, this is the good coffee in our life.

The earliest "Jamaica Blue Mountain" refers to the coffee produced by Wallenford Estate and Silver Hill Estate, which used to be of the best quality; the current "Jamaica Blue Mountain" refers to the coffee beans grown in the Blue Mountain area (more than 1000 meters high) east of Kingston, the capital of Jamaica, mainly belonging to three administrative districts, namely St. Andrew, Oortland and St. Thomas. Today Mavis Bank is the largest estate, with barrels stamped M.B.C.F. (Mavis Bank Central Factory), Jamaica Blue Mountain quality control is very strict, by the government "Coffee Industry Borad"(established in 1950) for certification work.

Coffee beans grown at lower elevations and other regions can only be called Jamaica High Mountain Supreme or Prime Washed Jamaica, which has a much different flavor than Jamaica Blue Mountain. However, these Jamaica areas are twice the size of the real Blue Mountains and account for 75% of the country's production, so when you buy Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee, don't think you're buying Blue Mountain coffee.

Because the reputation of Jamaica Blue Mountain is so loud, there are fake Blue Mountain Style Coffee on the market, or simply called "Blue Mountain Coffee" or "Blue Mountain Mixed Coffee," which is basically a self-mixed product without a real Jamaica Blue Mountain bean.

Over the past 30 years, most of Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee has been bought by the Japanese, who even send people to the coffee farm to supervise the bean picking process. In recent years, Asian economies have slowed, Japan's purchasing power has declined, and Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee has gradually flowed to other countries.

7. Colombia

Colombia coffee is aimed at higher-end commercial coffee, and has been introducing higher-yielding varieties, such as the new Catura, which produces almost three times as much as the old bourbon, but has lost much of its flavor.

Colombia beans are the highest grade with Supremo, followed by Excelso. 18 buckets above the special grade coffee can be included in the selection of coffee. Colombia coffee flavor balance, there is a smooth taste, like a gentleman in coffee, in the right place. It produces a wide range of coffee, with the best coffee in the central mountains, the texture is thick, and the most famous producing areas such as Medellin, Armenia and Manizales are customarily referred to as "MAM". In southern Colombia, Narino is delicious and of excellent quality. Starbucks, which specializes in specialty coffee, is said to have the exclusive right to purchase Narino Supremo.

8. Brazil

It is the largest producer of coffee, but most of it is lacking in quality and can only be supplied to commercial coffee producers to make low-cost coffee. Brazil has many large farms, using machines to harvest and use machines to dry, automatic efficiency is very high, as if coffee is a common agricultural material, completely regardless of flavor. As a result, many specialty coffee companies avoid buying Brazilian beans for fear of demeaning themselves. The Brazilian "Santos" that appear in select coffee shops are Bourban Santos, not the low-priced "flat bean Santos," a descendant of Bourbon, named after the port exit of Santos. During the first three or four years of fruiting, this tree produces small, curved beans with a particularly good flavor, known as Bourbon Santos; after that, the beans grow larger, flatter, and no longer curved, and are called Flat Bean Santos, which is much less flavorful. Bourbon beans taste full, thick aroma, like drinking old wine in general.

9. Puerto Rico

It is one of the territories of the United States that is subject to the US Minimum Wage Act, which makes coffee growing more expensive than in other countries. The consumption level of the population is high, and coffee production does not even meet local demand. Puerto Rico coffee is best known for the products of two production cooperatives, Yauco and Lares, which are mostly old varieties and carefully selected. Among them,"Yauco Selecte" is the best in the selection coffee, which has a natural milk flavor and smooth taste (Creamy), and the price is twice that of the selection coffee.

10. Peru

Peruvian coffee has a moderate acidity and alcohol content, and is mostly used as an ingredient for mixed coffee. However, it has original flavor and can also be used as a single item.

Most Peruvian coffee gardens retain the old species, with "tipica" and "bourbon species" as the most. Peru is mostly planted under cover; raw beans are washed and dried in the sun; natural fertilizers are used instead of chemical fertilizers, so Peru has a lot of organic coffee and has become the best coffee producing area for environmental protection. Due to the natural way Peruvian coffee is grown, coffee has a thick aroma and full alcohol flavor.

IV. Oceania

Hawaii

The most famous is Kona Coffee, which is produced on the Big Island, on the slopes of Mauna Loa volcano. Kona coffee has a strange chocolate flavor, fascinating, but the price is too high, due to the excellent processing, almost all grades of beans can be included in the selection coffee. The neighboring islands of Kauai and Molokai are now also growing coffee, which is also of excellent quality.

Hawaiian coffee is grown without shelter, in fertile soil on fire slopes and carefully treated, making Hawaiian coffee a rarity on the market. Hawaii has an island climate, and every afternoon there will be dark clouds, followed by a rain, forming a natural masking effect, resulting in chocolate-flavored Hawaiian coffee. Hawaii is the only place in the United States to produce coffee, because of the fame of Kona coffee is too big, like Blue Mountain, there are many counterfeit products, often appear on the market "Kona Blend"(Kona Blend), refers to Kona and other coffee products, high-quality Kona blends will also be selected coffee acceptance.