The type, name and taste of coffee, and what are the characteristics of different varieties of coffee?

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The basic type of coffee

Coffee is a daily drink for many people. Living on flat land, it is difficult to see coffee trees growing. Here are some quick summaries of coffee:

Evergreen plants of the genus Coffee of Rubiaceae

The flowers are white and fragrant.

Coffee beans are actually the seeds of coffee.

Sun-dried pulp and peel can be used to make tea, called Cascara Tea, coffee honey fruit tea

The green beans before baking are called "Green Beans".

Because the ripe fruit of most varieties is red, it is commonly known as "coffee cherry (Coffee Cherries)"

Some will produce yellow or orange coffee fruit, and there is a tree with red and yellow varieties.

Depending on the environment and variety, it can be short shrubs, or some grow to 8 meters

Suitable for growing between 30 degrees south latitude and 25 degrees north latitude, especially called "The Bean Belt"

Taiwan has a record of growing coffee in the 19th century, appearing in Hsichih, cold puddles and other places.

Oh, everyone's favorite Arabica.

Coffee can be divided into three main varieties, namely, Arabica (Coffea arabica), Robusta Coffea canephora (Robusta) and Liberia (Coffea liberica).

Arabica is the main force of boutique coffee, suitable for growing at higher elevations, tastes better, is also more delicate, needs care, and is the smallest of the three, so it is also known as small fruit coffee.

Robusta, also known as medium fruit coffee, can grow at a lower altitude, high yield, plain flavor, usually used for commercial purposes, only a very small number of Robusta have the level of boutique. The fruit of Leibiria is super large, which is translated into Chinese as big fruit coffee. It has the ability to resist leaf embroidery disease, which is rare on the market at present.

Varieties and cultivated species

It is speculated that there are thousands to tens of thousands of naturally occurring varieties (Variety) in Arabica, mainly in Ethiopia; at the same time, there are also many artificially screened and cultivated species (Cultivar), which can be thought of as the many branches under Arabica, the former naturally occurring and the latter artificially cultivated for a long time.

Primary species

Generally speaking, farmers may grow more than one variety at the same time, or they may pick out the better varieties for sale. What is more special is Ethiopia. In this country, coffee is mostly wild or semi-wild, growing in fields, backyards, or under forests. What farmers receive is actually a large platter of different natural varieties, so Yi coffee beans are usually marked as "original species, ancestral species (Heirloom)."

Wild coffee trees like to grow at the bottom of the forest. The tree species that can shade coffee is called "Shade Tree, or Shadow Tree"; such a planting method is called "Shade-grown Coffee". The advantage is that it can reduce the impact on the ecology, and a variety of organisms will also help to suppress diseases and insect pests. In some areas, bananas and other local food crops are used to shade coffee.

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Common diseases and insect pests

It takes about four or five years for coffee trees to plant seedlings and begin to have a steady harvest. Many Arabica varieties with good flavor do not have strong disease resistance. Therefore, coffee is actually a crop that is not easy to take care of. Common diseases and insect pests are:

Coffee bark beetle (Coffee Berry Borer), which lays eggs in the fruit, is difficult to control.

Leaf rust (Leaf Rust), which has sharply reduced production in Central and South America in recent years, is a serious challenge for serious leaf rust that needs to be cut down and replanted.

At present, it appears in Africa, which will directly blacken and spoil the fruit.

Arabica variety differences, the degree of impact on flavor, some people will take a reserved attitude, because there is no extensive related research. Variety is not the only factor that affects the flavor, such as the local soil of the place of origin, the depth of the baking degree, the size of the grinding particles, the method of cooking, and so on. However, there are some varieties that are recognized to have better performance. At the beginning, we introduce several common Arabica:

Iron pickup

Most of the Arabica used for commercial cultivation today can be traced back to the iron pickup. It is characterized by young leaves as dark green as bronze. It is generally believed that the iron pickup has a good flavor, but its unit yield is very low.

In the 17th century, the Netherlands brought coffee trees back to Europe from the leaves and began to grow them commercially in Asian colonies, breaking the coffee trade market monopolized by Arabs. Some of the coffee trees were given as a gift to French Emperor Louis XIV and locked in the heavily guarded Royal Botanical Garden.

In 1723, a brave French captain, Gabriel de Clieu, broke through many hurdles and successfully took one of them to a small island in the Caribbean and planted it, and because Arabica could self-pollinate, it was able to produce offspring and gradually spread to other places. This magical mother tree is called "The Noble Tree" in history, and its offspring is the so-called iron pickup.

Rose summer

The most famous "Gesha, or Geisha" in recent years is originally from Mount Rosa in Ethiopia and is translated as coffee for summer or geisha. After being introduced into Panama, it was once forgotten and rediscovered after 2000 years ago. It has an amazing flavor, and the fragrance of flowers is intertwined with a variety of sweet and sour fruit flavors. It is a brilliant legend at the end of the century.

Bourbon

The French island of Reunion was called Bourbon before 1789. At the beginning of the 18th century, the French cut branches and propagated iron pickups here, and finally produced bourbon through continuous breeding, which is another important mother source of Arabica and an old variety that many people like. The characteristic is that if you grow up in different places, there will be obvious differences in flavor.

Kaddura

The natural mutant of bourbon originated in Brazil. Because of its many lateral branches and dense fruit, it has high yield, low plant and good flavor, so it is a variety favored by both farmers and consumers.

Kaduai

Cultivated species cultivated in Brazil in the 1950s. "Catuai" means "very good" in the local aboriginal language. The plant is short but strong, able to withstand drought, heavy rain and strong winds, and has a high yield, mainly found in Central and South America. Bourbon, Kaddura and Kaduai are available in both yellow and red versions.

In the 1930s, Scott Labs was commissioned by the Kenyan government to select varieties suitable for the country. After numbering and screening one by one, SL-28 and SL-34 were finally obtained. Both of them originated from bourbon, and SL-34 can grow in areas with lower elevations.

It later proved that the former received a high rating, usually with blackcurrant-like acidity and complicated flavor, while the latter was slightly inferior, but also had a bright fruit flavor. These two varieties, which currently account for 90% of Kenya's production, are generally recognized as representatives of Kenyan coffee.

Elephant bean

It was first found in northern Brazil that plants, leaves, and even coffee beans are larger than the average Arabica. The fruit is large and the relative yield is less. It is also called "The Elephant Bean" in English.

Ruyilu National Day holiday

The hybrid, bred by the Kenyan Department of Agriculture, has a name that looks like an artificial man. Combining the characteristics of many different parents, across Arabica and Robusta, Ruilu 11 is resistant to leaf rust and Coffee Berry Disease, but it is less popular because it is influenced by Robusta.