World & A brief introduction to the spread History of Coffee in China

Origin:

Coffee was first discovered in the Kaffa region of southern Ethiopia in the 6th century AD.

There is no specific historical data on the origin of coffee, but several different legends have been handed down, but the more recognized legend is that the shepherd Kadi discovered coffee. Legend has it that there is a shepherd Kadi in Kafa Province in southern Ethiopia. He drives his sheep to herd sheep every day. One day he finds that the sheep are suddenly abnormal. They are usually docile and obedient. They are suddenly energetic and lively. Cuddy wondered. He noticed that the sheep had eaten a red fruit, so he picked a few and tasted them. He felt less tired, more energetic, and more excited.

Kadi brought this unknown fruit to a nearby monastery and gave it to an experienced elder. After the elder tasted it, he also felt the obvious refreshing and invigorating effect of this fruit, so he ordered someone to boil soup with this fruit and distribute it to the monks who chanted scriptures at night. In this way, the problem of monks falling asleep at night was unexpectedly solved. This magical red fruit also began to spread. Because it was first discovered in the Kaffa region, the locals called it kaffa, and later spread to Arabia called kawha, and then to Europe translated as coffee…Originally in Ethiopia, local people used to cook soup with coffee fruit, or mix coffee seeds with animal fat to satisfy their hunger. Ethiopia has not only preserved a large number of wild tree species, but even coffee trees are planted in farmers 'courtyards. Egypt also retains the most primitive way of brewing coffee in a long-necked pot.

To the Arab world:

In 525 AD, Ethiopian troops invaded Yemen, and coffee beans were brought to Yemen by soldiers. According to records, coffee trees began to be cultivated in Yemen in 575 AD. Coffee beans were also brought to Egypt by Sudanese slaves. After coffee was introduced to the Arab world, it was first used by Arabs as an herb to treat migraines and promote digestion. Later, Arabs invented coffee beans roasted to make coffee drinks, this drink with its unique aroma and rich taste conquered the Arab taste, and Islam prohibited drinking habits and coffee spread played a role in promoting. The Arabs call coffee "the drink of Allah." It is recorded that cafes have appeared in Damascus, Mecca and other places in the 15th century. After the Ottoman Empire conquered the Arab world, coffee was developed into a "national drink", and coffee etiquette and mysterious coffee divination were also developed. Before the 16th century, coffee was regarded as a very precious drink in the Arab world, and Arabs, especially Yemen, also monopolized coffee production and strictly prohibited the outflow of coffee seeds and seedlings.

Introduction to Europe:

In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire was the center of East-West trade. Coffee, a mysterious drink, naturally attracted the attention of East and West merchants. They not only formed the habit of drinking coffee themselves, but also wanted to bring this precious drink back to their own countries. As early as the late 16th century, merchants in Venice, Marseille and London began to smuggle small amounts of coffee beans home to entertain friends at home.

In 1616, Venetian merchants officially imported a bag of coffee beans into Italy for the first time. Europeans are more interested in coffee seeds and saplings. In 1615, the Dutch smuggled a coffee sapling out of Mocha Harbor, shipped it to Holland and planted it in a greenhouse. Coffee, a "fashionable" and "mysterious" drink from the "Eastern Ottoman Empire", entered Europe and was quickly accepted by Europeans, and a number of cafes emerged. In the cafe, people can drink coffee while gathering to talk about current affairs, politics and various topics. In addition, the cafe has also become a gathering place for some literati and artists. Coffee has quickly spread in Europe and penetrated into people's lives.

Transferred to North America:

Coffee was first recorded in North America in about 1668. Tea, cocoa and coffee were introduced to North America at the same time in the late 17th century. Tea began to be more popular. After the famous Boston Tea Party in 1773, coffee naturally replaced tea as the main drink.

Worldwide mass dissemination:

The widespread popularity of coffee in Europe also brought some problems. A large number of imported coffee beans caused a large amount of foreign exchange losses. In addition, the freedom of speech in cafes threatened the rule of the authorities. At that time, the rulers of European countries first adopted the method of "throttling", closing cafes and prohibiting people from drinking coffee. However, coffee and cafes have become a trend and repeated prohibitions, so "open source" has become a more suitable choice for the situation. However, the climate of the European continent was not suitable for coffee growth, so European empires in the period of colonial expansion began to target their own colonies, opening up coffee producing areas in tropical areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Transfers to Asia:

Coffee seedlings shipped by the Dutch to Holland in 1616 could not be planted on a large scale because they could not adapt to the cold climate in the north, so the Dutch transplanted them to Ceylon in 1696 and Jakarta in Indonesia in 1699. Indonesia became the first country in Asia to produce coffee on a large scale.

As the birthplace of Islam, Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem as holy cities of Islam also attracted a large number of Eastern Muslims to pilgrimage. These pilgrims also had the opportunity to taste coffee in Arabia and repeatedly tried to bring it out of the Arab world. As early as the 17th century, Indian Muslim Baba Budan secretly took seven coffee beans out of Yemen and shipped them to southern India during his pilgrimage to Mecca. Coffee was introduced to India.

Into Central and South America:

In the 1820s, French naval officer De Keli transported a coffee sapling to Martinique in Central America, and Martinique's coffee saplings were transmitted to Haiti, Dominica and other Central American island countries.

At the same time, coffee seedlings were transmitted from Britain to Cuba and Jamaica.

Coffee is also grown on a large scale in Guyane française, Suriname and Haiti.

Spain develops coffee cultivation in its own territories, such as Colombia and Peru.

Coffee seedlings spread from Guyane française to Brazil, where the coffee industry jumped to become the world's largest producer at the beginning of the 20th century.

Transferred to Africa:

At the end of the 19th century, coffee was widely cultivated in British colonies in Africa. In 1893, Ethiopia's neighboring Kenya coffee industry began to develop and rapidly developed into a high-quality coffee producing country.

Incoming to Hawaii:

Coffee was introduced to Hawaii in 1825.

Transferred to Australia:

Coffee was first introduced to Australia in the 1880s.

At this point, led by Brazil, with the Tropic of Cancer as the boundary, across the earth from east to west, extending to Asia, Africa, the United States and Australia coffee planting territory formed.

Coffee spread in China:

In 1884, the British first introduced coffee to Taiwan, and Taiwan began to grow coffee. During the Japanese occupation, coffee began to flourish in Taiwan.

French missionaries brought coffee from Vietnam to Binchuan County in Yunnan Province in 1892, which is the earliest record of coffee cultivation in the mainland of China. At present, coffee cultivation in China is mainly concentrated in Yunnan and Hainan.

The history of coffee drinking in China can be traced back to the late Qing Dynasty. With the opening of the country, coffee began to appear in the eastern coastal cities. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were records about coffee in poetry, such as the bamboo branch word "Kaofei" popular on Shanghai Beach at that time: Kaofei what was called together, the city passed down beans made. Color sweet with bitter sugar, Westerners every food on behalf of tea cooking. In the 1920s and 1930s, there were some cafes in old Shanghai and Kunming. At the beginning of the founding of New China, coffee and cafes temporarily disappeared. After the reform and opening up, coffee came back. Since the 1980s, Nestle and other brands have landed in China,"instant coffee" has become synonymous with coffee, and into the 21st century, some domestic and foreign chain brand cafes have expanded in China, and various star hotels have also launched coffee as an important drink, which has promoted the development of the domestic coffee industry. However, as a traditional tea drinking country, the quality of domestic coffee is still mixed, and there is no local coffee culture. These are to be further developed.