Yunnan coffee Yunnan small grain coffee Yunnan boutique coffee

Yunnan Coffea arabica

Coffee is a kind of beverage crop with high economic value, which is called the world's three major beverages together with cocoa and tea. Its output and consumption rank first among the three beverages. Because coffee is rich in protein, fat, sucrose and starch, glucose, caffeine and other substances, aroma rich, delicious taste. Coffee is a perennial evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the genus Coffea of Rubiaceae. There are many kinds of coffee. It is widely planted with small seeds, medium seeds, large seeds and Esselsa species. Among them, the small coffee species called "fragrant coffee" produces the most, accounting for more than 80% of the total coffee production. Coffee originated in tropical Africa, and since the 15th century coffee has gradually spread to all parts of the world. Coffee is grown in more than 70 countries and regions.

Coffee cultivation in China is concentrated in Yunnan Province and Hainan Province. Yunnan has a relatively large output, with an annual output of about 26,000 tons in recent years, accounting for 90% of the national output. Yunnan coffee is said to have been handed down by the French 70 or 80 years ago. The main production varieties are Arabica Arabica, the so-called small coffee species, commonly known as Yunnan small coffee in China. Yunnan's high-quality geographical climate conditions provide good conditions for coffee growth. The planting areas are Lincang, Baoshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other prefectures. Yunnan natural conditions and Colombia are very similar, namely low latitude, high altitude, temperature difference between day and night, produced by cup quality analysis, coffee belongs to alcohol flavor, its quality taste similar to Colombia coffee.

However, due to various reasons, Yunnan coffee industry development speed is not fast, Yunnan coffee is mainly exported in the form of raw materials, exports in 2006 about 15,000 tons. More than 60% of the raw materials are purchased by Nestle and Max every year, and Starbucks and Amway have also joined the ranks of acquisitions in recent years.

Due to the lack of deep processing and marketing, Yunnan coffee has a low reputation and is locked in the mountains. It is believed that with the in-depth development of Yunnan coffee industry, the rising demand of domestic coffee market and the efforts of governments and enterprises, Yunnan coffee will usher in a new development period.

A Brief Introduction to Coffea arabica from Yunnan, China

The west and south of Yunnan Province are located between 15° N and Tropic of Cancer, most of which are 1000-2000 meters above sea level. The terrain is mainly mountainous and sloping, with large undulations, fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, abundant rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. These unique natural conditions form the particularity of Yunnan Arabica coffee taste-strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, slightly fruity. As early as the 1950s, Yunnan Arabica coffee was very popular in the international coffee market and was rated as the top coffee.

The history of coffee cultivation in Yunnan dates back to 1892. A French missionary brought coffee seeds into Yunnan from abroad and planted them successfully in a valley in Binchuan County, Yunnan Province. More than 30 coffee plants bred from these coffee seeds are still blooming in Binchuan County.

Yunnan coffee was planted on a large scale in the mid-1950s, and the planting scale once reached 4000 hectares. By the end of 1997, the province's coffee planting area had reached 7800 hectares. At present, the province's planting area accounts for 70% of the country's area, and its output accounts for 83% of the country's total. Whether it is from the planting area or coffee bean output, Yunnan coffee has established its dominant position in China.

Yunnan coffee suitable planting areas are distributed in Simao, Banna, Wenshan, Baoshan, Dehong and other areas in the south and southwest of Yunnan Province.

Origin of Coffea arabica in Yunnan, China

In 1892, French missionary Father Tian successfully planted coffee in a place called Zhukula in Yunnan Province. Up to now, there are still 24 coffee trees growing in Zhukula Township, which are more than 90 years old. Zhukula is a mysterious, legendary and beautiful natural village, belonging to Zhukula Village Committee of Pingchuan Town, Binchuan County, Dali Prefecture. It is located on the bank of Yupao River, a tributary of Jinsha River. This is a place where Dali Prefecture, Chuxiong Prefecture and Lijiang City meet.

More than 100 years ago, Zhu Kula was called "Ruokelai"(Yi language), which means curved mountain road. In 1892, due to the arrival of French missionary Father Tian, the essence of Yi language and French romance were combined, so there was the name Zhu Kula, which later generations translated as "heaven on earth".

It is reported that in 1892, French missionary Father Tian used coffee fruit to breed the first coffee tree outside the church door for his own coffee needs, and then cultivated more coffee trees and planted them around the church. Since then, Jukula village began coffee cultivation, and the village has been surrounded by coffee trees ever since. Qi Guanghui and Li Fusheng, the two oldest elders in the village, are both in their eighties this year. Together, they witnessed the formation of China's oldest coffee forest.

Although Zhukula is poor and backward, it is a place that has an indissoluble bond with coffee. In addition to the cultivation of coffee by the whole people, the villagers have a tradition of drinking coffee: self-cultivation, self-grinding, self-cooking, and now the village has the habit of drinking coffee regardless of men, women and children. Villagers here have a special feeling for coffee trees. Even if coffee beans do not bring them any economic benefits, villagers are reluctant to cut down a coffee tree.

Zhukula Village receives guests with local coffee and walnuts. Although the coffee brewed in earthen pots does not taste the best, this primitive drinking method reflects the villagers 'love for coffee and is also the highest courtesy reception for guests. The unique and rich original ecological coffee culture makes everyone who knows Zhu Kula have to sigh. It deserves to be called the first coffee village in China. Zhukula coffee forest belongs to Arabica, bourbon and Typica varieties.

Yunnan now has more than 21,000 hectares of Arabica coffee plantations.

Yunnan Arabica coffee main producing areas

Arabica coffee is suitable for growing in the mountains of 800~1800 meters above sea level. If the altitude is too high, it tastes sour, and if it is too low, it tastes bitter. Arabica coffee is mostly planted in dry and hot valley areas at an altitude of 1100 meters, so the acidity is moderate, the flavor is rich and mellow. Many areas of Yunnan Province have unique environments suitable for the growth of Arabica coffee, and the Arabica coffee produced is of excellent quality.

Planting areas are mainly distributed in Lincang, Baoshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other prefectures.

The average temperature of Lujiang Dam in Baoshan is 21.5℃, the highest is 40.4℃, and there is basically no frost all year round. The Arabica coffee cultivated here is strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, well-proportioned in small particles, mellow and fruity, and is recognized as the best Arabica coffee producing area. The Arabica coffee cultivated here is famous for its strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, well-proportioned grain facets, mellow fragrance and fruity flavor.

After inspecting Yunnan coffee planting and primary processing bases, experts from the International Coffee Organization evaluated Yunnan coffee as Colombia wet-processed Arabica coffee, which is the highest quality coffee in the world.

Yunnan Coffea arabica varieties in China

Typica and Bourbon, two classic coffee varieties, are the main cultivars of Yunnan coffee. In 1991, Katimo Catimor series varieties (stronger virus resistance and higher yield) were introduced from Kenya. A variety of Arabian species (also known as small species). Because of the similarity of morphology and habits of these two varieties, they are often mixed and cultivated.

Tibica coffee is native to Ethiopia and southeastern Sudan and is the most widely cultivated coffee variety in the Western Hemisphere. The plants are more robust, but less tolerant to light, and yield more in Hawaii. The top leaf of Tibika is red copper color, which is called red top coffee.

Popan coffee is the second most common variety of Arabica coffee after tipica. The main branch and trunk initially grow upward at 45 degrees, drooping with fruit load, the branch nodes are dense, the results are more, and the yield is higher. But the berries are smaller and ripen slower. Popan bud tender leaves are green, called green top coffee.

Catimo Catimo is a modified version of the Tibica species, with 25% of the Robusta gene.

From the botanical point of view of coffee, Yunnan Arabica coffee and recognized as the best Jamaica Blue Mountain (Jamaica Blue Mountain), Hawaii Kona (Kona) have genetic similarity.

China Yunnan Arabica coffee growing period

Coffea arabica 3~4 years old fruiting trees.

Coffee is a short-day plant. Coffee has the characteristics of multiple flowering and concentrated flowering. Coffea arabica flowers from February to July and blooms from March to May in Yunnan. The flowering of coffee is greatly affected by climate, especially rainfall and temperature. Coffee flower life is short, only 2 - 3 days. Arabica coffee generally opens at 3 to 5 in the morning and blooms at 5 to 7.

Coffee fruits take longer to develop. Coffee arabica ripens in 8~10 months, usually in October ~ December of the year. Rainfall has a great influence on fruit development, and climate conditions directly affect fruit development.

Main ingredients of Yunnan coffee beans

The percentage of main components in Lukajiangba granules was: crude fat 17.1, reducing sugar 0.93, starch 3.07, nitrogen 2.27, crude protein 1.419, ash 3.70, crude fiber 19.33, caffeine 2.14, sucrose 9.20, moisture 6.87. The quality was very good.

Yunnan Arabica coffee beans taste

"First, it was a feeling of instant numbness caused by the shock of happiness. Three seconds later, I felt a rich and balanced taste, and a pleasant sour taste poured out from the bottom of my tongue. The reddish brown crema flowed smoothly, starting with a full cup and settling to more than a centimeter. Remove the cup and continue to flow coffee, the liquid with foam and color can flow for a long time-extremely rich content."

"Both City and Full-City have strong caramel aromas and aromas similar to amygdala. From the moment of grinding until brewing, and then continue to the entrance to the aftertaste through one breath. At the same time in the City degree can feel a relatively soft fruit acid flavor and a faint sweet flavor. All in all, this batch of bourbon gives us a good prospect in the field of coffee cultivation in our country. I hope that we can drink more and more good beans from Madein China in the near future."