How to grow coffee beans _ how to grow coffee technical experience sharing _ can you make money by growing coffee beans

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Coffee lovers will study how to roast and brew coffee beans, but seldom delve into how coffee beans are grown.

Today, Qianjie Coffee would like to share some knowledge of coffee bean cultivation with you.

Shade planting (Shade-grown) vs.

All-day planting (sun-grown)

Anyone who knows a little about coffee knows that although coffee trees are tropical plants, whether they are Arabica or Robusta varieties, they grow in the shade of tall trees in their native natural environment.

Because coffee trees don't need and can't stand too much sunlight.

Botanists have found that the best ratio of sunlight needed for photosynthesis of coffee trees in the equatorial region is only 20% and 25%.

Beyond this ratio, the upper leaves will no longer be absorbed, but sunlight will pass through and be absorbed by the lower leaves.

These extra sunlight can indeed promote the bud and produce more fruit.

Coffee trees are originally not sun-resistant. Before the 1970s, almost all coffee trees were planted under high-altitude forests, and their coffee products were classified as "shade coffee" (Shade-grown coffee).

During the Green Revolution in the 1970s, scientists developed the all-day planting (sun-grown) technology of coffee trees to enable coffee trees to grow without shade trees.

As a result, many coffee farmers are encouraged to cut down shade trees, grow only coffee as a single crop, and develop more sun-resistant coffee varieties.

It not only expands the planting area, but also increases the production of each tree, which makes the management more convenient.

The accompanying problems, such as insufficient soil fertilizer and increased insect pests, are solved by spraying large amounts of fertilizers and pesticides.

Now most of the coffee farms on the earth follow this mode of cultivation. This kind of coffee product is called "all-day coffee" (sun-grown coffee).

In terms of one hectare of coffee fields, the annual output of all-day coffee is about 1600 kilograms!

Shade coffee is only 550 kilograms, which is 25 to 40 percent of that of full-time coffee.

At present, about 80% of the coffee beans on the market are grown in full-time sunlight, and only the remaining two are environment-friendly "shade coffee".

However, with the use of all-day planting technology, coffee production has increased, but it has paid a heavy price: the earth's ecosystem has been affected, natural resources have been gradually depleted by overuse, and the quality of coffee has begun to decline.

Moreover, farmers are subject to the price of chemical products and are unable to resist.

These consequences emerged one by one after the outbreak of the energy crisis.

So after the 1970s, the momentum of the green revolution waned.

Many coffee farmers return to the ancient way: planting coffee trees under shade trees, replacing some or all of their chemical synthetic fertilizers with organic fertilizers, preparing natural pesticide sprays or making traps for trapping pests, cultivating natural enemies that can control diseases and insect pests, and so on.

Why do coffee trees shade?

Coffee trees don't need long sunshine during the day, just a few hours is enough.

The hillside is an ideal location because of its short viewing time and good drainage.

Coffee trees like wet roots, tall trees with most leaves planted in the coffee garden, on the one hand to protect against the wind, on the other hand shade.

Shade planting has many benefits for coffee trees, such as:

(1) block the excess sunlight

(2) Protection of soil and water sources

(3) the cool environment under shade trees can reduce insect pests.

(4) Minerals in the depths of the soil can be brought to the ground through dead branches and fallen leaves to increase the fertilizer of the topsoil.

(5) provide habitat for birds and bats and control the number of some pests.

(6) it can reduce the temperature around the coffee fruit, thus slow down the ripening time of the fruit and give birth to more flavor.

Common management problems of shade trees

Do the shade trees in the coffee garden also need to be managed?

There is no doubt that there is no such thing as a free lunch. In order to maximize the effectiveness of shade trees in coffee plantations, shade trees must be well managed.

There are many considerations for shade planting, but generally speaking, coffee trees are half-sun plants, and the density (density) and size and volume of raw beans will be more efficient than open direct sunlight.

In general, non-native coffee trees are planted under "planned shade", and most of the shade trees are fruit trees, so there will be another kind of harvest in addition to the coffee fruit, which will greatly subsidize the overall economic income.

But generally speaking, shading trees are common and common species planted locally. Take Central America, which is rich in bananas, as an example, banana trees are used as shade trees in many places.

But there are also some areas because of their special environment and climate, do not need shading trees to achieve shading effect.

This is the case with Hawaiian Kona Coffee.

The local climate is often after noon, there will be clouds floating past, and bring showers, forming a natural shading effect.

Even because of this special island climate, it creates a unique flavor.

What kind of trees are the shade of the world's famous coffee farms?

# Rosa Rosa / Panamanian Jade Manor: native tree species for natural shade / altitude: 1595-1737 m

# Blue Mountain / Coffee Manor: banana and avocado trees / altitude: 1500 meters imported from Japan

# St. Helena Coffee / ebony and cabbage shade / volcanic soil above 1000 m above sea level

# Golden Manning / Aceh Emerald Lake: shade trees such as jackfruit trees, orange trees, wild herbs, etc. 900m above sea level

Common shade tree management problems are shared as follows:

1. Selection of tree species:

It is suggested that it is best to use native broad-leaved trees (commonly known as hemp tree, paulownia tree, Broussonetia papyrifera, etc.), which is characterized by rapid growth, which can reach more than 10 meters in about 5 years, and the shading effect is good.

However, due to the softness of wood, it is easy to be eaten by insect pests and withered branches, or broken branches due to wind damage. The advantage of using this kind of native broad-leaved trees is biodiversity.

It can be maintained because these tree species provide food chain.

And the land will be rich in humus due to the accumulation of fallen leaves and dead branches, and soil improvement will be carried out step by step.

Second, planting principles:

Shade trees must be kept at a distance, and coffee trees should be able to get half sunshine smoothly.

In other words, the branches and leaves of shade trees should not be too thick.

First of all, we must look at the seasonal sunshine changes in coffee-growing areas: for example, in areas where there is plenty of sunshine in winter and will not be affected by frost, shade trees had better look for species that will not lose their leaves in winter.

On the contrary, if there is not enough sunshine in winter to participate in frost-damaged areas, shade trees should be mixed with two kinds of tree species such as deciduous leaves and non-fallen leaves in winter and planted according to the angle of sunshine.

Secondly, we must look at typhoon, downhill wind and incineration wind, such as wind incineration area, in addition to planting shade trees, we should also plant windbreak forests and irrigation measures must be taken to reduce the degree of damage.

Finally, shading trees and replacement must be chosen carefully, because the pests of some tree species can also damage coffee trees.

In order to maintain biodiversity, there must be a certain proportion of native broad-leaved trees so as not to destroy the food chain.

Maintenance tools:

Basically equipped with ropes and saws (large saws for chainsaws, chainsaws or sawing trees).

Because the native broad-leaved trees grow rapidly, and the trees are sometimes as tall as 20 to 30 meters, they have the characteristics of soft wood and easy to be eaten by insect pests and drop dead branches.

In order to avoid accidental injury to workers, ropes must be used to climb the trees to trim the dead branches, or to trim the thick branches and leaves of the shade trees as necessary, so that the coffee trees can get half-sunshine.

Fourth, the application of shading trees:

Under the tall and luxuriant shade trees, if the growers know how to use and retain a certain number and height of weeds.

The principle is to create natural dew to keep the coffee garden moist, creating its own micro-climate.

Make the quality of the coffee produced by the coffee garden stable.

The latest research shows that

There is no need to choose between all-day sunshine planting and shade planting.

Coffee growers can maximize profits by planning 1/3 to 2/3 of coffee farmland as shade, according to a groundbreaking new study.

The earliest purpose of this study is to try to verify that extensive all-day planting does not maximize economic benefits.

In a paper published last May in the journal Ecological Economics, researchers from Columbia University and Cornell University explored the potential economic benefits of curry farmers in the choice of all-day and shade planting.

The researchers used a resource economics algorithm called dynamic optimization to simulate the process of farmers changing their land from traditional all-day planting to shade planting.

It takes into account the expected output and the cost of each system.

This includes the benefits of pest control from the increase in birds, as well as a premium on the price of high-quality, sustainably grown coffee.

It also takes into account the reduction in pesticide costs and "appropriate market conditions", as well as other assumptions.

Research shows that at least 36% of 5-hectare farms should be allocated for shade planting to maximize farmers' incomes.

The study also confirms previous comments made by coffee experts that the relationship between all-day planting and shade planting should not be polarized.

Both full-day and shade planting can play their respective roles in established coffee farms, thereby maximizing profitability and sustainability.

With the deepening of globalization, coffee, as one of the main drinks in the world, has gradually become popular in China. So, how much is the price of coffee beans per jin? What are the planting prospects?

How much is the price of coffee beans per jin?

At present, the market price of the more common coffee beans in the market is generally about 18 to 20 yuan per jin, while the coffee beans bought in Starbucks can buy about 100 yuan for half a catty, and the price of coffee beans in Beijing is slightly lower than that of Starbucks. The market price of freshly baked coffee beans is about 20 yuan for half a jin, and about 30 yuan for coffee beans in some areas. The freshly roasted blue mountain coffee beans only cost about 120 yuan per catty. Of course, the price of coffee beans varies according to different types, and the prices of some super coffee beans are relatively high.

Changes in Coffee Bean Prices

The price of coffee beans has changed greatly. In the past, coffee beans were mainly in Europe and America. We basically drank tea. However, with the development of economy and the deepening of globalization, trade between our country and the outside world has become more and more frequent. Coffee has also become a favorite European and American drink for many people in our country, especially for overtime and night shift workers. It is a good welfare. Therefore, the price of coffee beans has risen sharply for a while, but slowly with the increase of coffee bean output. The price of coffee beans slowly dropped.

What factors affect coffee prices?

There are five main factors affecting the price change of coffee beans, first of all, the change of market supply, that is, the change of coffee bean output, secondly, the change of climatic conditions and the change of price caused by the influence of diseases and insect pests on coffee bean cultivation, then the change of national and international policies or measures on coffee beans, and finally the change of demand. Of course, there are some other factors affecting prices, such as regional field differences. The quality of coffee beans.

4. The cultivation prospect of coffee beans

The prospect of coffee bean cultivation is still relatively good, because coffee has been accepted and loved by most people now, and many people have freshly ground coffee machinery at home, so the demand for coffee beans is increasing. However, the quality of many coffee beans is not very high now, the output of high-quality coffee beans is still relatively small, and the quality of coffee beans needs to be improved. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the planting scale of coffee beans and improve the processing and production technology of coffee beans at the same time. In general, Due to the huge demand in the global market, the growth prospects of coffee beans are still quite good, but growing coffee beans requires proper planting conditions.

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