What kinds of coffee beans are there in Yunnan? introduce the different flavor characteristics of Yunnan Katim and Robusta coffee beans.

Yunnan coffee beans are getting more and more attention. Guests who come to Qianjie store will more or less talk about how Yunnan coffee beans are. In Yunnan, there are many varieties of coffee, such as the common tin card, Katim, as well as a small number of bourbon, Kaddura, Kaduai, Rosa and so on. Qianjie will bring you to know the varieties of coffee in Yunnan.

Iron pickup coffee variety

The earliest record of growing coffee in Yunnan was in 1904, when the French missionary Tian Deneng came to Dali to carry out religious activities. Along with it, several coffee trees are planted in the village of Jugula, and these coffee varieties are iron pickups. The variety of iron pickup has excellent flavor, rich acidity and high cleanliness. It is one of the oldest varieties of coffee in the world.

Yunnan began to plant excellent varieties from the very beginning, while it was widely planted in 1955. All these times are planted with tin cards. Later, after the introduction of new varieties, iron pickups became increasingly rare.

Katim coffee variety

Katim in Yunnan is mainly divided into CIFC7963,P series, T5175 and T8667, which are all strains of Katim.

In 1988, Nestl é supported the development of coffee agriculture in Yunnan by introducing Katim 7963 from the Portuguese Coffee Rust Research Center (CIFC), selected in Dehong Institute of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, and first planted in Hainan, Baoshan Lujiangba and Ruili. In 1991, Nestl é introduced Katim P1, P2, P3 and P4 from CIFC, P is Population (population). Among them, the yield of P4 was the highest, and then P series was popularized and planted in Pu'er City in 1994, of which P4 accounted for the majority. Later, after the investigation of experts, it was found that Katim P1, P2, P3 and P4 were 7960, 7961, 7962 and 7963 respectively. T5175 and T8667 were introduced from Central America in 1994. These two strains were first planted in Pu'er, and their yields were both less than 7963.

After Nestl é has made great efforts to develop coffee agriculture in Yunnan, 99% of Yunnan's coffee is Katim, which is what we call Yunnan small grains. These coffee beans were originally acquired by Nestl é to make instant coffee beans, and they do not have high requirements for flavor. So that when discussing the flavor of coffee, Yunnan is low-acid, nutty, cocoa and earthy, which is not an ideal flavor.

Bourbon coffee variety

When Professor Ma Xijin investigated the ancient varieties of coffee in Yunnan in 1981, he found that in the ancient coffee forest near chocolate, 31% were iron cards with red tops and 69% were bourbon with green tops. Some experts believe that Father Tian brought to Zhugula village not only iron card species, but also bourbon species. Bourbon and tin card are also ancient and excellent varieties of coffee. At present, Yunnan produces less bourbon coffee than iron pickup.

Rosa, Kaddura, Kaduai

In the past 10 years, the cultivation of coffee in Yunnan has been developing continuously, including the introduction of foreign quality for research. Naturally, rose summer is also in the ranks. In the 2016 Yunnan raw bean competition, a Yunnan rose summer played for the first time, but it was defeated by the "ground Snake", which has been rooted for many years, ranking only more than 30 out of 120 coffee beans.

Some experts believe that great changes have taken place in the climate when Rose Xia was transplanted from Panama to Yunnan, and it is certain that it is not acclimatized without enough years of domestication. And the elevation of coffee grown in Yunnan is generally not high, about 1100 meters, coupled with the level of planting management can not keep up with, the flavor of Rosa coffee is not satisfactory.

By 2020, the first batch of roses in Yunnan will be available to the mass market in a limited form.

Many people come to Qianjie to ask, "is Yunnan coffee getting better now? now they are saying that Yunnan boutique coffee is the light of domestic products." Qianjie believes that every producing area will have the best and best coffee beans. But this does not represent the standard of the whole coffee producing area. Whether the flavor of a producing area has been improved should depend on the most common and ordinary coffee beans.

It is certain that Yunnan coffee is constantly improving, but if it can be transformed from the raw material of instant coffee to fine coffee in a short period of 10 years. Unless it is self-deception, this is not in line with the objective law of development.

Qianjie man-made, to improve the flavor and quality of coffee is nothing more than the three-piece set often said in agriculture, good land, good planting.

Good land: coffee is suitable to be planted between the Tropic of Cancer, which is in line with the requirements in southern Yunnan, while it is generally believed that coffee beans with good flavor are planted above 1200 meters, which is higher than 1200 meters in Yunnan, but not much. at present, many coffee-growing places in Yunnan are less than 1200 meters.

Good seed: only good coffee varieties can grow coffee with good flavor. There is no doubt about that. We think the better quality is Arabica coffee beans, while Robusta belongs to the category of bad taste. The excellent Arabica species, such as iron pickup and bourbon, are currently grown in only a few places in Yunnan. 99% of Yunnan coffee belongs to Katim variety.

Katim is a hybrid of Tim and Kaddura. Kaddura is a variety of bourbon, and Tim is a hybrid of Robsta and Arabica. In other words, Katim has the Arabica gene of 1 and 4, which is the main reason why the quality of Yunnan coffee is not good.

Good planting: the level of planting management is very important for the quality of coffee. The use of modern agricultural science and technology combined with green cultivation is the way to develop high-quality coffee, you can refer to the Pokuit producing area of Panama. Of course, the premise is that a very large amount of money is needed to do it. For Yunnan or the use of inefficient collective cultivation of small farmers, we can see the obvious gap.

Qianjie, which embodies the flavor of a producing area, believes that it can only be truly reflected through traditional treatment, so there are four kinds of Yunnan coffee beans on the bean list in Qianjie, which are tanned and washed iron pickup and Katim coffee beans.

Yunnan small grain coffee

Producing area: Baoshan, Yunnan, China

Altitude: 1200 m

Variety: Katim

Treatment method: washing treatment

Flavor: melon, melon, brown sugar, plum acid, black tea feeling

Katim is the most common coffee variety in Yunnan, and the washing treatment can best reflect the flavor of the producing area. Therefore, Qianjie also finished the food rations and beans in Yunnan producing areas. Qianjie chose Katim from Baoshan, a famous coffee producing area in Yunnan. Among them, Lujiang Dam is a well-known producing area. If you want to know how Yunnan coffee is now, Qianjie suggests you try this coffee bean.

Yunnan Sunshine Katim

Producing area: Baoshan, Yunnan, China

Altitude: 1450-1550 m

Variety: Katim

Treatment method: sun treatment

Flavor: nuts, chocolate, spices, caramel, red berries

This suntan Katim is also from Lujiangba, Baoshan, Yunnan Province, and we know that the higher the altitude, the better the flavor of Arabica. This coffee bean grows at an altitude of 1450-1550 meters, so its flavor and quality will naturally be better. This coffee bean is treated with full red fruit in the sun. The big red coffee fruit is carefully selected for sun treatment, which makes the coffee so sweet that it is considered by the front street to be a fighter in Katim.

Huaguo Mountain, Yunnan

Producing area: Baoshan, Yunnan, China

Altitude: 1200 m

Variety: iron pickup

Treatment method: washing treatment

Flavor: plum, brown sugar, melon, Pu'er tea

The variety of iron pickup is one of the few excellent varieties in Yunnan. Compared with Katim in the same growing environment, the flavor of tin card is better and the taste is cleaner. This coffee bean also comes from the famous Baoshan Lujiangba, which uses water washing treatment, from which you can drink the aroma of flowers and fruits with Yunnan characteristics, so Qianjie named this bean "Huaguoshan". You can compare this bean with Katim, which is washed.

2013 Qianjie, Yunnan

Producing area: Lincang, Yunnan, China

Altitude: 1300 m

Variety: iron pickup

Treatment method: sun treatment

Flavor: dried apricots, plums, brown sugar, chocolate

Qianjie has been growing coffee in Yunnan since 2013. Qianjie originally planted coffee to test a conjecture, that is, "good land, good planting" can really change the criticized taste of Yunnan coffee. Holding this conjecture, Qianjie visited the hot research institute, the old-timers who grow coffee. Found an undeveloped forest and started growing coffee from scratch. Qianjie is well aware of the importance of varieties and specially chose the iron card species that have been rooted in Yunnan for many years. The iron card is more spoiled and must be taken care of, while the Qianjie staff responsible for planting built a simple house at the foot of the mountain and lived a life of sunrise and sunset. The plantation on Qianjie is located in Lincang, near Burma, sparsely populated, and there is only a village of dozens of people nearby. Therefore, it still retains the original environment, which is very suitable for growing good coffee.

In 2020, Qianjie's first batch of Yunnan iron pickup coffee beans were on the market, named "Qianjie 2013". The all-red fruit sun treatment is used to highlight the sweetness. The flavors tested in the cup in the front street are preserved apricot, Sanhua plum and caramel chocolate.