The influence of growth Environment on Coffee beans introduction to the pedigree and varieties of Coffee

The growing environment of coffee

Coffee trees are suitable for growing in tropical and subtropical climates (between the Tropic of Cancer). Due to the cultivation in Asia, America and Africa, it forms a ring around the earth, so it is known as the "coffee belt" Coffee Belt.

There is a lot of sandy soil in these areas; and with plenty of sunlight and plenty of rainfall, it is really suitable for growing coffee.

Because coffee is most afraid of frost, and Arabica coffee is afraid of high temperatures, it is usually grown at higher places in the tropics, between 1,200 and 2,100 meters, and in subtropics between 600 and 1200 meters.

Generally speaking, the more highland the coffee, the slower the growth, the more texture, and the better the flavor. The quality of coffee depends on its variety, soil properties and climatic conditions (wind, rain, sunshine, temperature). The best a farm can do is to protect its quality, remove turnips, and retain its natural advantages. at present, there is no artificial way to change the original flavor of coffee beans.

The pedigree and variety of coffee

There are at least 500 genera of Rubiaceae, and Coffea is an evergreen shrub.

There are dozens of varieties in the genus Coffee; but most of them have no economic value, and only three have economic value, but these three varieties are "Arabica" Arabica, "Robusta" Lanaphora, also known as Robust, and "Libyan" Lberica.

Arabica coffee trees have developed 40 to 50 new varieties, and they mainly come from two varieties, "iron pickup variety" Typica and "bourbon variety" Bourbon.

However, with the accumulation of time, there are more and more new varieties of coffee in recent months, which may be difficult to remember because there are too many varieties. Therefore, we can only emphasize that although the yield of the old varieties is low, they often have a good flavor. New varieties often aim at yield and disease resistance, but there is a decreasing phenomenon in flavor.

◎ Iron truck Variety Typica

"Iron pickup" Typica is the original Arab coffee; it was carried by the Dutch in the early days; it was cultivated in greenhouses in Europe and spread to Central and South America, Asia and other places; and many varieties were developed, so most of the selected coffee is its descendants.

◎ bourbon variety Bourbon

In the 18th century, the French planted saplings on the Indian Ocean island of Reunion, Reunion, then known as the "bourbon island". The resulting coffee beans were curved in shape and had smaller seeds, making them suitable for planting in the highlands.

On the other hand, what is more important is the good flavor, which can be said to play an important role in coffee and a treasure in the selected coffee market.

Except for the Ethiopian variety Ethiopica; the Arabica coffee in the world so far is descended from the above two kinds. In addition, the following is a brief introduction to other known varieties:

◎ Marogogipe variety

Descended from Ironpickup; occurs in a variety of Marogogipe village in Brazil, with yellow fruits and large seeds.

◎ Kaduai variety Catuai

Belongs to the mixture of Mondonovo variety Mundo Novo and Kaddura Catura; the red fruit is called Catuai Amerelo and the yellow fruit is called Catuai Vermelho.

◎ Mondonovo variety Mundo Novo

It belongs to the descendants of Sumatran coffee and bourbon.

◎ Kaddura variety Catura

A descendant of the bourbon species; originated in Brazil and has a high output value and does not need to be sheltered.

◎ Santos (Shi) variety Santos

A descendant of the bourbon species; first cultivated in Brazil.

◎ mocha variety Mokka

A descendant of the bourbon species; first cultivated in Java.

◎ Timo variety Timor

It belongs to the natural mixture of Arabica and Robusta, with 44 chromosomes identical to Arabica.

◎ Kent variety Kent

A variety of Kent coffee plantations in the Mysore region of India in 1911; resistant to leaf rust and now widely cultivated in India.

◎ Colombian variety Colombia

It belongs to the mixture of Timo variety Timor and Kaddura Catura, and the yield is high.

◎ Alba star variety Arabusta

In Ivory Coast, it is a mixture of Arabica (mother) and Robusta (father) and does not need to be sheltered.

◎ Katimo variety Catimor

Belongs to the hybrid of Kaddura Catura and Timo Timor; resistant to leaf rust.