Arabica coffee bean variety catalogue, detailed introduction of Arabica mainstream variety knowledge.

Iron pickup (Typica)

This variety is considered the prototype for all coffee varieties or genetic screening. The Netherlands was the first country to spread coffee to all parts of the world and commercially cultivate it. Tin card was the coffee variety at that time. The fruit of iron pickup is usually red, and the flavor performance in the cup is also very prominent, but the fruit yield is less than other varieties. Coffee is still grown in many parts of the world's coffee-producing countries, so it has different names in different regions, such as Criollo, Sumatra and Arabigo.

Bourbon

This is a variety obtained from natural mutation of iron pica on The Island of Reunion (Bourbon at that time), and its fruit yield is more than that of Tibicalo. Many professionals in the specialty coffee industry consider bourbon to have a distinctive sweet taste, which is why it often wins prizes in competitions and has a pleasant flavor. Coffee fruits come in several colors: red peel, yellow peel, and sometimes orange peel. Bourbon was ubiquitous in the past, but the consumer market was not mature enough to pay more for lower-yield, higher-quality coffee, and bourbon was replaced by other higher-yield varieties in many producing countries.

Mundo Novo New World

A natural hybrid of iron pickup and bourbon, discovered in Brazil in the 1940s and named after local names. Mondonobang is widely cultivated for its relatively high fruit yield, strong constitution, and good disease resistance; in addition, it can adapt to Brazil's altitude, which usually reaches 1000 - 1200 water.

Caturra

Bourbon mutant discovered in Brazil in 1937. Fruit yields are higher, but if fruit yields exceed the limits of plant load, branches will be crushed and withered. Good farm management can prevent this. The Kadura variety is particularly popular in Colombia and Central America and is common in Brazil. Flavor performance in the cup is generally considered excellent, but the yield decreases with the increase of altitude and the quality increases. Kadura has red and yellow pericarp. The height is lower among the varieties, sometimes referred to as "dwarf variety" or "semi-dwarf variety", and its popularity is mainly due to the ease of manual harvesting.

Catuai

A hybrid of Cadura and Mondonojón cultivated in the 1950s and 1960s by Instituto Agronomico do Campinas, Brazil. The main goal is to combine Kadura's "dwarf" gene with Mondonobang's high yield and disease resistance. Kaduai, like Kadura, has red and yellow rind varieties.

Maragogype

Maragozhupi is one of the more easily recognized varieties of iron pickup, first discovered in Brazil. Maragozhupi is famous for its unusually large beans and wider leaves, but produces relatively little fruit. It is also known as the "Elephant Bean" because of its large size. It is usually red.

SL-28

In the 1930s, a drought-tolerant variety of Tanzania was developed at Scott Laboratories in Kenya. The fruit is red when ripe, and the seeds are slightly larger than ordinary varieties. It is believed to produce coffee with a distinct fruity flavor, often described as blackcurrant. SL-28 is highly susceptible to leaf rust and suitable for cultivation at high altitudes.

SL-34

This variety was selected by the French Mission Bourbon and introduced to Africa from Bourbon Island (Reunion Island), first appearing in Tanzania and later introduced to Kenya. It has a distinct fruity flavor, although it is generally considered slightly inferior to SL-28. It is also weakly resistant to leaf rust and has a red skin.

Geisha/ Gesha

The correct spelling of Guixia is still controversial, but generally speaking, more people use Geisha. The summer roses grown in Panama today were introduced from Costa Rica, but are believed to have originated in Gesha, a town in western Ethiopia. This variety is believed to produce a particularly aromatic floral coffee, and prices have skyrocketed in recent years due to high market demand. Panama's Hacienda La Esmer-alda won the coffee bean competition in 2004 and has since become increasingly valued and popular. This batch of caffeine flavor is too unique, at the time

The incredible record bid price of $21 per pound was not broken until 2006 and 2007, when it closed at $130 per pound, nearly a hundred times more than commercial coffee! This encouraged many plantations in Central and South America to compete to plant roses.

Pacas

Pacas is a natural mutant of Bourbon, discovered by the Pacas family in Salvador in 1949. The Pakas variety has a red rind, and its lower undergrowth facilitates manual harvesting. The flavor is generally considered to be similar to bourbon and belongs to the more pleasing type.

Pacamara

A hybrid bred artificially in El Salvador in 1958 from parents Pacas and Maragozhpi. It has large leaves, fruits, and seeds, as does the marago skin, and has many distinct, high-quality, distinctive flavor attributes that taste like chocolate and fruit, but may also have a less pleasant herbal, onion-like flavor. Red peel.

Wild Arabica Varieties

All of the previously introduced varieties are genetically very similar, as they are almost all derived from a single variety of iron pickups. However, many coffee trees grown in Ethiopia are not artificially selected varieties, but native heirloom varieties, which may be formed by natural hybridization between different species or varieties. There are not enough studies to classify all wild species, let alone explore differences in genetic diversity and flavor expression among them.