Boutique Coffee introduction to 53 Coffee producing areas around the World

forty-four. Reunion

In 1715, the first batch of coffee trees (about 40) were transported from the Yemeni port of Moka to La.

R é union), but unfortunately only 2 survived. By 1719, coffee plantations had flourished and the first beans were sold. Over the next few years, the government took a hard measure: the islanders, black and white, had to plant 100 coffee trees a year. The law was amended in 1723 to emphasize that all slaves must plant 200 mocha coffee trees a year and that anyone who damaged the coffee tree should be put to death.

At that time, the island was still a French colony, called Bourbon, where coffee was produced and Arabian coffee trees shipped from the area to other countries had a name.

Interestingly, today, "bourbon" Arabian coffee trees have been widely cultivated and favored around the world, but almost no coffee is grown in Reunion. Here are the general characteristics of bourbon coffee.

forty-five. The Philippines

Coffee was introduced into the Philippines (Philippines) in the early 19 th century, and by 1880 the country had become the world's fourth largest coffee exporter. However, due to the spread of coffee rust, the country became a coffee importer soon after 1880.

However, the coffee growing industry has gradually recovered. Today, after slow and steady development, the country's coffee industry is growing and has great potential to develop high-quality varieties. The Philippine coffee industry is operated by the national industrial and trade department, but it is loosely managed, while all coffee exports are operated by private companies.

In fact, the Philippines is one of the few countries that can grow four varieties of coffee, namely Robart, Lieberica, Exelsa and Arabica coffee. Mindanao, the second largest island in the southernmost part of the Philippines, produces high quality and high yield Arabica coffee.

forty-six. Viet Nam

Today's production country, tomorrow's production giant.

Perhaps under the influence of French colonial rule, coffee grown in Vietnam has a French flavor. Arabica coffee was first brought to Vietnam by French missionaries. More than 400,000 coffee trees were introduced to Vietnam from 1865 to 1876 and planted near Tonkin Bay, mostly Java or bourbon varieties.

At present, coffee production in Vietnam is growing. Among Vietnam's new export products, tea ranks first and coffee ranks second. The main varieties produced are Robbite coffee beans, which were exported in 66000 bags in 1982 and soared to more than 200,000 tons in 1994. 96% of Robart coffee comes from small farms, but some state-owned farms also grow coffee trees.

Vietnam produces 950 kilograms of coffee per hectare, and many newly planted coffee trees are invested by the Japanese.

Two years ago, I read a survey report that Vietnam has overtaken Colombia in coffee bean production, ranking second in the world after Brazil. But the trees planted are Robusta trees, and there is still a big gap between the quality of coffee beans and countries like Colombia and Brazil.

forty-seven. Australia

Australia is an amazing country in many ways. The high quality coffee grown here is perhaps one of the most amazing things.

Australian coffee is of high quality and has a soft taste with a slightly bitter taste of caffeine. It is a pity that only a small number of products enter the export market, because production is limited by high labor costs, or by strong sunlight. Because it is too hot, people can not use cheap mechanical tools to pick, so they have to harvest it manually, which increases the cost of production.

forty-eight. Hawaiian coffee

Perhaps the most beautiful coffee bean in the world.

Kona coffee beans from Hawaii have the perfect appearance, and their fruit is extremely full and shiny. The taste of coffee is rich and aromatic, with cinnamon flavor and moderate acidity.

Hawaiian coffee is the only top variety produced in 50 states in the United States, and the United States is naturally its largest market.

Of all the coffee producers, Hawaii has the most stringent management of the coffee industry, the highest labor costs and the best level of investment.

Hawaii's coffee industry has to compete with the expanding tourism industry. Most coffee is grown in Mauna.

Loa) hillside. Mauna Loa was originally a volcano located in the western part of the Kona region on the island of Hawaii. The coffee producing area is about 30 kilometers long and its growing areas are mainly concentrated in the north and south of the area. Coffee trees are planted in relatively desolate areas, but their soil is fertile and contains volcanic ash. Although it takes a lot of physical labor to start planting and it is difficult to manage, it is comforting that Kona's coffee trees (at least those growing above 90 meters above sea level) do not seem to be affected by any diseases and insect pests.

Although Hawaii is often affected by tornadoes, the climatic conditions are very suitable for the coffee industry. There is plenty of rain and sunshine here, and there is no worry of frost. In addition, there is a strange natural phenomenon called free shade (freeshade). On most days, at about two o'clock in the afternoon, white clouds appear in the sky, providing the necessary shade for the coffee trees. In fact, it is such superior natural conditions that make the Arabian coffee in the Kona region produce more coffee than any other plantation in the world and maintain high quality. For example, it produces 560,900 hectares per hectare in Latin America and 2240 kilograms per hectare in Kona. To the displeasure of coffee fans, only about 1400 hectares of coffee are produced.

Real Kona coffee is indeed a treasure in the world and is not easy to find. The best Kona coffee is divided into different grades: excellent (

Extra Fancy), Fancy and No.1 (Number)

One). This third-class coffee is produced on manors and under natural conditions. Most of the coffee that calls itself "Kona" now contains less than 5% of the real Hawaiian Kona coffee. Another good Hawaiian coffee can be found in the United States-Hawaii Kaj Farm Coffee (Kai)

Farms).

forty-nine. New Caledonia

The lost glory

New Caledonia (New

Caledonia) is a former French colony, with only 10 per cent of the land available for farming, with coffee and corn being its main crops.

In 1860, missionaries went from La

R é union) introduced coffee, but in 1987 only 40 tons of coffee were produced each year, of which 37 tons were exported, mostly to France. The variety of coffee beans is an extraordinary Robbite coffee with excellent quality and rich taste, but it is delicate and only needs to be lightly roasted.

fifty. Papua New Guinea

The legendary background of modern coffee

In Papua New Guinea (Papua)

New

Guinea), about 75% of coffee products come from small local farms. Many farms reclaim land in the forest, and some are in the depths of the forest, almost isolated from the rest of the world. Coffee in the country is grown on highlands between 1300 and 1800 meters above sea level, so it is of high quality. Although coffee is also grown in some lowlands, the yield is relatively small. Most of the locally grown coffee is grown under natural conditions because of the problems and high costs of transporting chemical fertilizers and pesticides to the farm.

The coffee industry plays an important role in the country's economy. More than 1 million people are directly and indirectly engaged in the industry. The government encourages planting by offering a minimum purchase price. The industry itself is staffed by the Coffee Industry Committee (Coffee)

Industry Board) control. The committee is located in Goroka, east of the island.

However, the export business is handled by private companies.

The frost in 1975 destroyed most coffee crops in Brazil, but stimulated the development of coffee in Papua New Guinea. The Government has implemented a scheme to finance the creation of about 20 hectares of coffee plantations in rural or collective land ownership. This measure has indeed increased the penetration of coffee in the local economy, with annual production reaching 1 million bags by 1990.

However, it is almost inevitable that the surge in production leads to a decline in quality. Before 1991, the quality of coffee was good, and most of it belonged to open Y and so on. After 1991, the quality gradually declined, and with it the European market was lost. The extra price of coffee such as Y also gradually fell. This is related to the country's policy of "one grade, one price". This policy is not feasible for an industry as volatile as coffee. As a result, poor quality coffee beans damaged the image of high quality standards such as Y coffee, resulting in a backlog.

The government's response is to establish a new level of quality, temporarily suspend the production of coffee such as Y, and no longer implement the policy of "one grade, one price". This allows buyers to price according to quality, which is bound to have an impact on the income of farmers who produce shoddy coffee beans. By 1993, the quality problem had been basically solved. Most regular customers are buying coffee from Papua New Guinea again. Coffee such as Y is now sold at a slightly lower extra price, indicating that its quality has improved.

Although coffee trees grow vigorously in some places, the coffee beans harvested vary from raw to ripe due to the lack of persistence of the growers. AA is rare, and you can usually buy An and AB grades. The main characteristics of grade A coffee are: plump particles, light acidity, endless aftertaste after drinking.

fifty-one. Tahiti I.

Coffee from heaven

If you can drink Tahiti coffee, it is really "lucky" because this kind of coffee is extremely rare.

The trade name of Tahiti coffee is Tahiti. Arabica coffee (Tahiti

Arabica). Tahiti is the social archipelago Society

Any coffee exported from the largest island in Islands can be said to be extremely unusual. If you do taste this kind of coffee, you will be fascinated by its elegant flavor, round taste and unique characteristics.

fifty-two. Taiwan of China

Eighteenth century, 1884

Year (10 years of Guang Xu)

During the Japanese occupation era, the Japanese saw that Taiwan's climate and soil were suitable for coffee, so the Japanese introduced "Arabica" from abroad. when the trial was successful in the north, they invested heavily in Zhiben and Mizuho, and the yield was good.

In the 19th century, in 1941, rich output and good quality and flavor led to the complete victory of coffee in Taiwan. soon after Japan launched the Pacific War, coffee sales became a problem and there was no one to take care of it. Farmers changed to grow rice, and Japan was defeated and retreated. Coffee declined after no one was interested in it. At present, the larger ones are Antong and Huisun. Around 1931 in the 20th century, the Japanese Kimura cafe Company planted coffee in Chiayi and then in Mizuho, Hualien. In 1950, with the help of the US military to defend Taiwan, instant coffee was introduced to Taiwan, and only Nestle coffee was introduced in the early days. 1960

It was the era of Honey Cafe, when the Star Cafe on Wuchang Street was once a famous clubhouse for domestic literary writers; the first International Coffee Association was founded in 1980; Antong Farm began to grow coffee in 1963.

A combination of bookish coffee shops, garden cafes, European-style coffee shops with personal taste, Japanese-style coffee shops and the most prosperous coffee chain in central and southern China.

fifty-three. Yunnan coffee

The western and southern parts of Yunnan Province are located between 15 °N and the Tropic of Cancer, and most areas are 1000-2000 meters above sea level. The topography is dominated by mountains and slopes, with large ups and downs, fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, rich rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. These unique natural conditions form the particularity of Yunnan small grain coffee taste-strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, slightly fruity. As early as the 1950s, Yunnan small seed coffee was very popular in the international coffee market and was rated as the top grade of coffee.

History can be traced back to 1892. A French missionary brought coffee to Yunnan from abroad and successfully planted it in a valley in Binchuan County, Yunnan Province. The coffee plants of this batch of coffee seeds are still blooming and bearing fruit in Binchuan County.

In the mid-1990's, the planting scale reached 4000 hectares. By the end of 1997, the planting area of coffee in the province had reached 7800 hectares. At present, the planting area of the province accounts for 70% of the national area, and the output accounts for 83% of the whole country. Yunnan coffee has established the dominant position in China in terms of planting area and coffee bean production.

Distributed in Simao, Banna, Wenshan, Baoshan, Dehong and other areas in the south and southwest of Yunnan.