What are the main ingredients of coffee besides caffeine?

Caffeine: caffeine is the best known of all the ingredients in coffee. It belongs to a kind of phytoxanthine (animal muscle component) and has the same properties as theobromine in cocoa and theophylline in green tea. The percentage of reduction after baking is very small, and the effect of caffeine is very extensive. It will affect various parts of the human brain, heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, muscles and kidneys. The right amount of caffeine will stimulate the cerebral cortex, promote sensory judgment, memory and emotional activity, and make the myocardial machinery more active. Vasodilation enhances blood circulation and improves metabolic function. Caffeine can also reduce muscle fatigue and promote digestive juice secretion. In addition to this, because it also promotes the kidney function to help the body expel excess sodium ions (chemicals that hinder the metabolism of water molecules), caffeine does not accumulate in the body like other narcotic and excitant substances (narcotic drugs, paint solvents, stimulants, etc.) and will be excreted in about two hours, but excessive intake will lead to caffeine poisoning. It has a particularly strong bitter taste, and the biggest special ─ bitterness in coffee flavor is caused by caffeine.

Tannic acid: after extraction, tannin will turn into a yellowish powder, which can easily blend into water. After boiling, it will decompose and produce pyrosylic acid, which will make the coffee taste worse. If the coffee is soaked and left for several hours, the color of the coffee will become stronger than when it was just soaked. And it is also less tasty, so there is the saying that "it is best to drink it as soon as possible."

Fat: the fat contained in coffee plays a very important role in flavor. It is found that there are many kinds of fat in coffee, the most important of which are acidic fat and volatile fat. Acidic fat means that there is acid in fat, and its strength varies with different types of coffee, and volatile fat is the main source of coffee aroma. Once the fat contained in roasted coffee beans comes into contact with the air, chemical changes will occur and the taste and flavor will become worse.

Protein: the main source of calories in coffee, the proportion is not high. Most of the protein in coffee powder will not dissolve out when brewing coffee, so the intake is limited.

Sugar: coffee beans contain about 8% sugar. After baking, most of the sugars are converted to caramel, which browns the coffee and combines with tannins to produce sweetness.

Fiber: raw bean fiber will be carbonized after baking, this carbon and sugar caramelization combine with each other to form the tone of coffee, but the fiber turned into powder will have a considerable impact on the flavor of coffee. Therefore, we do not encourage the purchase of powdered coffee beans, because we are unable to taste the flavor of the coffee.

Minerals: there are lime, iron, sulfur, sodium carbonate, phosphorus, chlorine, silicon and so on, because the proportion of very little affect the flavor of coffee is not big, combined to bring only a little astringent taste.

Aroma: aroma is the life of coffee quality, and it can best represent the coffee production process and baking technology, as well as the climate, elevation, variety, refined treatment, harvest, storage, roasting technology of the consuming country, etc. are the conditions that determine the aroma of coffee beans. The results of gas chromatographic analysis showed that the aroma of coffee was composed of acid, alcohol, acetaldehyde, ketone, ester, sulfur compound, phenol, nitrogen compound and nearly hundreds of volatile components. Generally speaking, fat, albumen and sugars are important sources of aroma, while lipids blend with the sour and bitter of coffee to form a smooth flavor. Therefore, the disappearance of fragrance means that the quality is getting worse, and the relationship between aroma and quality is very close.