The fundamentals of Coffee must be seen by beginners.

[scientific name] small grain species are Coffea arabica L., medium grain species are Coffea canephora, and large grain species are Coffea liberica.

[alias] small seed species are also called Arabian species, medium seed species are also called Ganfla species, and large seed species are also called Liberian species.

There are two kinds of common: Arabica and Robusta.

Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae), coffee (Coffea)

[distribution at home and abroad] Coffee is native to the tropical regions of northern and central Africa and has been cultivated for more than 2000 years. At present, the main coffee producing areas in the world are Latin America, Africa and Asia. According to statistics, coffee is cultivated in 76 countries in the world, and the main consumption areas are Europe and the United States. Coffee in China was first introduced in Taiwan in 1884. In 1908, overseas Chinese brought back large and medium seeds from Malaysia to Hainan Island. At present, the main cultivation areas are Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan.

Caffeine can be extracted and used in medicine as anesthetic stimulant, diuretic, cardiotonic agent, coffee pulp can make wine, vinegar, feed, fertilizer, fuel and so on. Coffee is one of the three major beverage crops in the world.

Coffee knowledge and Coffee Culture

What's coffee? To put it simply, it is an ordinary drink, one of the three largest drinks in the world. The volume of global trade is second only to oil, which is more popular than tea in the world.

Coffee is definitely not just an instant, monotonous drink, nor a coffee-flavored drink with a lot of milk, sugar, ice, etc.; coffee is something that can be tasted and felt slowly, just like Chinese tea.

For ordinary people, it is impossible to bake tea by yourself, so drinking tea is mainly brewing to extract the taste of the tea itself, but you can buy professionally roasted coffee beans, 80% of the taste of coffee comes from roasting; it can be said that coffee has more variability than tea, and you have more control over coffee. You can think of coffee as a hobby worth playing with, because the taste of coffee is ever-changing and fun.

Coffee is coffee, a simple drink.

Major coffee producing countries:

Coffee production zones generally range from 25 degrees north to 30 degrees south, covering most countries in Central Africa, East Africa, the Middle East, India, South Asia, the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean. The reason why coffee is mainly concentrated in this area is that coffee is extremely vulnerable to frost, and the temperature and humidity in the tropics are the most suitable for coffee growth.

The origin of coffee:

The word "coffee" comes from the Greek word "Kaweh", which means "strength and passion". Coffee tree is an evergreen shrub of Capsaceae. Daily coffee is made from coffee beans combined with a variety of cooking utensils, and coffee beans refer to the nuts in the fruit of the coffee tree, which are then roasted with appropriate roasting methods.

There are all kinds of legends about the origin of coffee, but most of them are forgotten because of its absurdity. However, people will not forget that Africa is the hometown of coffee. Coffee trees are likely to be found in Ethiopia's KAFFA province. Later, batches of slaves were sold from Africa to Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula, and coffee was taken everywhere along the way. To be sure, Yemen started growing coffee in the 15th century or earlier. Although Arabia had the busiest port city in the world at that time, it banned the export of any seeds. This barrier was finally broken through by the Dutch, and in 1616, they finally smuggled the surviving coffee trees and seeds to the Netherlands and began to grow them in greenhouses.

The Origin of Coffee: the Story of the Shepherd

There are several legends about the origin of coffee, of which the more familiar is the story of the shepherd: according to Rothschild, a Roman linguist. Records of Neroy (1613-1707): around the sixth century, when Kardai, an Arab shepherd, was herding sheep to the Isobian prairie for grazing, he was surprised to see that each goat was extremely excited and jubilant. Later, after careful observation, he found that these sheep were excited only after eating some kind of red fruit. Cardai tasted some of them curiously and found that these fruits were very sweet and delicious. After eating, he also felt very refreshed. From then on, he often went to eat this delicious fruit with the sheep. Later, a Muslim passed by and took some of this incredible red fruit home and distributed it to other parishioners, so its magical effect spread.

The origin of coffee: sherk. The Story of Omar

Other legends are Shack, the patron saint of the Arabian Peninsula. Xue Ke, a disciple of Caldy. Omar was a highly respected and beloved chief in Mocha, but was expelled by his people for committing a crime. Shack. As a result, Omar was exiled to Osama in the country, where he stumbled upon the fruit of coffee in 1258. One day, Omar was walking hungry in the mountains and saw a bird with strange feathers on the branches, pecking at the fruit of the tree and making a very sweet cry. He took the fruit back and boiled it with water, only to emit a rich and attractive fragrance, and the original feeling of tiredness was eliminated after drinking it. Omar collected many of these magical fruits, and when she met someone who was sick, she made the fruit into soup for them to drink and refreshed her spirit. Because he did good everywhere and was loved by believers, his sins were soon forgiven, and when he returned to Mocha, he was praised for finding this fruit, and people did not worship him as a saint. At that time, the magic cure was said to be coffee.

The origin of coffee: Gabriel. Mathieu. De. The Story of Klee

This is a romantic story. Gabriel, a French naval officer on the island of Matinique, circa 1720 or 1723. Mathieu. De. As he was about to leave Paris, Klee managed to get some coffee trees and decided to take them back to Martinique. He had been taking good care of the saplings and keeping them in a glass box on the deck to protect them from sea water and warmth. De. During the journey, Kerry was threatened by pirates, experienced storms, the jealousy and destruction of his ship, and even watered the sapling with his own life when there was a shortage of water.

His coffee tree finally took root in Martinique and got its first harvest in 1726. It is said that by 1777 Martinique had 18791680 coffee trees, Gabriel. Mathieu. De. Klee can't take away the credit. Gabriel. Mathieu. De. Klee died in Paris on November 30, 1724, and a monument was built for him in 1918 at the Ford Botanical Garden in Martinique.

Coffee terminology:

Knowing certain coffee terms not only allows you to accurately express your understanding of coffee, but also makes your customers or friends feel that you are quite expert at coffee and are a coffee glutton.

Flavor [flavor] is the overall impression of aroma, acidity, bitterness, sweetness and mellowness, which can be used to describe the overall feeling of contrast coffee.

Acidity [acidity] is the acidity and strong quality of all coffee grown on the plateau. Unlike bitterness or sour (sour), it has nothing to do with pH, but a refreshing and lively quality that promotes coffee to exert its functions of boosting the mind and clearing the taste.

Body [mellowness] is the taste of coffee on the tongue after drinking the prepared coffee. The change of mellowness can be as light as water to light, medium, high, fat, and even some Indonesian coffee is as thick as syrup.

Aroma [smell] Aroma refers to the smell and aroma emitted by coffee after conditioning. Bouquet is a less commonly used word that specifically refers to the taste of ground coffee powder. Aroma is usually specific and comprehensive. The words used to describe Aroma include: caramel, carbon roasted, chocolate, fruit, grass, malt, rich, rich, spicy and so on.

Bitter bitterness is a basic sense of taste, the sensory area is distributed in the base of the tongue. The bitterness of dark baking is deliberately created, but the most common cause of bitterness is too much coffee powder and too little water. Bitterness is not a consent word for sour.

Bland [light] Coffee grown in lowlands is usually quite light and tasteless. Coffee with insufficient powdered coffee and too much water will have the same light effect.

After brewing Briny [salty] coffee, if it is overheated, it will produce a salty taste. The coffee in some coffee shops has this taste.

Classification of coffee:

Coffee trees can be roughly divided into five types, of which Arabica and Robusta are more common. Arabica species, which account for more than 70% of the world's total output, are generally grown on slopes above 900 meters above sea level and are mostly found in tropical high-altitude areas such as Central and South America, East Africa, Southeast Asia and Hawaii. Its pleasant aroma, rich taste, and the tree needs more manual care, the stability of temperature and humidity in the climate is also higher, so the price is more expensive. Robaxter, which is highly adaptable to the environment, accounts for 30% of the world's total output. Its flavor is mediocre and bitter, and more importantly, the content of caffeine is 2 to 3 times that of Arabica. Generally grow on the slope of 200 to 600 meters above sea level, the requirement of manual care is very low, so the price is relatively low, mostly used for canned and instant coffee.

Italian flavor coffee:

[Espresso Italian Coffee] Espresso means "fast" in Italian. When hot water passes quickly through coffee powder under high pressure, the essence of coffee is fully extracted, resulting in a rich, aromatic, mellow, bitter coffee art with caramel flavor.

[Macchiato Macchiato] Macchiato means "marked or spotted" in Italian. She made a compromise between Espresso and Cappuccino, not only to enjoy smooth and delicate foam, but also to drink fragrant Espresso.

[Cappuccino cappuccino] gets its name because the foam hat on Cappuccino resembles the hat on the cloak worn by Catholic Cappucci clergy. Mix Espresso, milk and foam in proportion to make Cappuccino less bitter of Espresso and more mellow taste of foam, which gives Cappuccino a more acceptable taste.

[Latte latte] is different from Cappuccino in that Latte has a stronger milky aroma, and a lot of milk and foam fully reconcile the thick taste of Espresso, making it tame and can be recommended as the first choice for first-time coffee tastes.

[Mocha mocha] Mocha means chocolate in Italian, and Cafe Mocha naturally means chocolate coffee. When mellow coffee, rich milk and sweet chocolate are perfectly combined, no one can resist her seductive charm.

[Frappuccino Fabrizino] after blending with Espresso, milk, chocolate powder, etc., after the shake treatment of the machine, the flavor of all materials is integrated into one. Its taste is really sweet but not greasy, and the chocolate taste has a strong coffee aroma and refreshing feeling. It can be said to be a suitable coffee drink in the middle of summer.

Coffee etiquette:

[how to get a coffee cup] Coffee that you drink after a meal is usually served in a pocket cup. The ear of this kind of cup is so small that you can't get your fingers out. But even if you use a larger cup, don't put your finger through the ear and carry the cup. The correct way to hold a coffee cup is to hold the handle of the cup by your thumb and forefinger and then pick up the cup.

[how to add sugar to coffee] when adding sugar to coffee, the sugar can be scooped out with a coffee spoon and added directly to the cup, or you can first use a sugar clip to clip the cube sugar on the near side of the coffee plate, and then add the cube sugar to the cup with a coffee spoon. If you put the cube sugar directly into the cup with a sugar clip or hand, it may sometimes spill the coffee and stain the clothes or tablecloth.

[how to use coffee spoon] Coffee spoon is specially used to stir coffee. You should take it out when drinking coffee. No longer use a coffee spoon to scoop a spoonful of coffee to drink slowly, and do not use a coffee spoon to mash the cube sugar in the cup.

[what if the coffee is too hot] the freshly brewed coffee is so hot that you can gently stir it in the cup with a coffee spoon to cool it, or wait for it to cool naturally before drinking. It is very impolite to try to cool the coffee with your mouth.

[use of cups and saucers] the cups and saucers that hold coffee are specially made. They should be placed on the front or right side of the drinker, and the cup ear should point to the right. When drinking coffee, you can hold the cup ear of the coffee in your right hand and hold the coffee plate gently in your left hand, slowly moving to your mouth and sipping. It is not advisable to hold the cup and swallow, nor should you bow your head to the coffee cup. Don't make a noise when drinking coffee. When adding coffee, do not pick up the coffee cup from the coffee plate.

[coffee and snack] sometimes you can have some snacks when drinking coffee, but don't alternate between eating and drinking with a coffee cup in one hand and a snack in the other. You should put down the snack when you drink coffee and the coffee cup when you eat it.

Coffee and Health:

Coffee can refresh the mind and make the mind clear, and it helps to increase blood flow by dilating the arteries of the heart; it obviously has the effect of diuresis; it can relieve the symptoms of headaches; it can effectively help lose weight, help digestion, relax muscles, etc., coffee is said to have anti-cancer effects and can prevent stones. However, coffee can also cause osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly women, and may cause heart disease.

The key to drinking coffee is not to drink too much coffee, four cups a day is a safer amount, no more than eight cups at most, because drinking too much is very easy to cause stomach discomfort and other adverse reactions. Just like alcohol, as long as you drink coffee in the right amount and in accordance with the above taboos, coffee will do no harm to the human body. Some people are not suitable for drinking coffee, they mainly include: dermatosis, stomach disease, diabetes, heart disease, pregnant women and breast-feeding women and so on.

The brewing method of coffee

In the brewing of coffee, it is not said which is the best way; everyone has what they think is the best way to make coffee. Coffee is already a part of our daily life, so it must suit our way of life; it can also meet the economic benefits of each person. Making coffee is not only a ritual, but also a practical problem in our lives. Unlike tea or cocoa, coffee is famous for allowing everyone to brew it in a unique way. But in any method, the basic principle is the same, such as using hot water to extract natural essential oil and caffeine from ground coffee beans; and these are the principles that enable coffee to produce wonderful aroma and taste. In a word, coffee is made by brewing.

Arabian or Turkish coffee

Although coffee beans have spread all over the world from Arabia, the Arab method of making coffee is less famous. The Arab method of brewing coffee is basically quite different from other methods of brewing coffee: traditionally, the Arab method is to brew the coffee three times. Coffee made in boiling water can easily boil off the aroma of coffee, but it is the most romantic way to make heavy-flavored coffee. Arabica coffee is always brewed in the same place, a small copper pot with a long handle. Two tablespoons of fine ground coffee, one tablespoon of sugar and a cup of water, mix and boil until the water boils. Wait until it is cold and then heat it up for a total of three times, and then start to pour it out. When drinking, you will add some cardamom to add flavor.

Filtration method

Today, dropping or filtering is probably the most commonly used method. Put the finely ground coffee on appropriate paper, or a reusable vertebra-shaped vessel, and then pour the boiling water from it. If you want better quality, you can wet the ground coffee with a small amount of water first, which can speed up the release of caffeine. The brewed coffee can be drunk by pouring it into a regular cup or mug. The ground coffee is also stored in round vertebrae. Now an electronic machine is used to brew this method, because it can automatically perform all brewing procedures, including heating the water, to make coffee of better or more stable quality than pure handmade coffee. The most commonly used countries are Germany and the United States.

Piston coffee brewing method

The piston method, some say, was invented in 1933 to extract the most flavor of ground coffee beans. Heat the pot in advance, add the rough ground coffee to the bottom of the pot, add hot water, then stir and boil for about three to five minutes, separating the ground coffee powder from the coffee drink before the piston has completely lost its strength. This method is only a little more convenient than filtering, but it is also one of the top two ways for more and more people to make fresh coffee.

Stewing method

Stewing can be said to be the easiest way to make coffee. That is, just put the rough ground coffee and hot water together. It is very similar to piston coffee brewing, except that there is no piston pot that can separate the ground coffee powder from the coffee drink. Stewing has become more and more accepted and used because it is always a good way to serve everyone.

ESPRESSO AND CAPPUCCINO

Now this method of brewing coffee, invented in Italy, is already the fastest growing and most accepted method. Other ways of making coffee are always natural and economical, and you can make a satisfactory cup of coffee. But if you want to drink espresso, I'm afraid it won't be so easy. Espresso's machine forces hot water through the finest compressed coffee, while the coffee is extracted. A good Espresso machine is expensive, because in order to extract the most complete aroma of coffee, you have to use quite high pressure, so the machine is expensive. If you want to grade the Espresso machine, the most important thing is not to extract coffee too much, that is to say, the power-off system of the machine itself should be very fast, otherwise it will not be good. If the color of the coffee is light brown liquid, it is perfect. This liquid is the "essence of coffee", which exists only on the surface of the underlying black coffee. "the essence of coffee" will disappear within minutes after the coffee is brewed, and within the remaining few minutes, it will tell you the quality of all Espresso coffee. If it is too light, or too strong or not strong enough, it means that the quality of such Espresso is inferior. For some people, Espresso may have become their religion. The gap between a really good Espresso and a not-so-good Espresso can be said to be something else. Each of us has spent a lot of money in seeking the best quality to improve our standard of living. And Cappuccino can be said to be an Espresso-based product; it is to add Espresso's coffee to brew coffee with a long ladle to make a thick milk foam. A good Espresso doesn't look as significant as foamed milk in Cappuccino, but the quality of coffee is still an important factor. As far as milk is concerned, it is best to use semi-skimmed milk, which should be added to a kettle with holes through which steam can be ejected. Do not open the air pressure control valve if the surface of the milk is not already higher than the steam jet hole. Once the steam flows under the milk, shake the kettle quickly, otherwise the milk will easily go bad. The purpose of heating milk is to make it easier to beat cream. When the milk is to be poured into the cup, the cup must be warmed first, otherwise the foam will disappear. This is the basic skill. So they are usually stored upside down in Espresso machines. The foamed and steamed milk should be poured on top of the coffee in the cup and poured very carefully, as if to wrap the coffee. Even the last drop of milk has to be poured. After that, we can have the perfect Cappuccino.

Napoleon's Mocha style

In Italy, it can be said that there is no family without mocha pots of all sizes, and no matter what you think of coffee, the vision of the Italian is unparalleled. This combination of Espresso and filter coffee pot features a wonderful design with a double-layer pot. It can force boiled water into the lower pot, through a pipe, and then flow to the finest ground coffee. When a skillful hand is held up, coffee cravings can be satisfied and enough "Espresso" coffee can be produced in just one minute.

Filter coffee pot cooking method

Brewing coffee in a filtered coffee maker is a civilized and progressive way for the Great West; after the recent coffee revolution, it has naturally become the most widely accepted way in the United States. and almost every family has a standard filter coffee maker. The coffee powder cooked in this filtered coffee pot is usually rough and heated directly by cold water, so when the water is boiled, it will produce water vapor and form bubbles into the top part of the equipment. When you listen carefully to the coffee liquid produced through the bubbles, like the gurgling sound of running water, it is really a relaxing high-end enjoyment, coupled with the aroma of the coffee that is permeated by the flavor of the most volatile coffee, which fills the whole house. that's a great feeling. To be honest, there may be no way worse than the coffee brewed in this way.

Dissolving method, or instant coffee

Instant coffee was first invented in 1901 by Satori Kato, a Japanese-born American chemist in Chicago. It was not until Nestl é began commercial marketing in 1938 that this method was widely accepted. Also because the quality of instant coffee has also improved by leaps and bounds in a short period of time, so everyone can have a good cup of coffee at any time. Instant coffee has many advantages compared with freshly brewed coffee, especially in terms of simplicity and convenience. It is relatively fresh, and it is not easy to destroy the original flavor, although it is difficult to try it, but it is always very fast, cheap, and clean to wave to people. Instant coffee, like other coffee, is made from ground coffee. First, it prepares anhydrous coffee extracts, whether heat-treated or frozen, and then produces fine particles of soluble powder. After dehydration, the essence of the coffee may also disappear; however, the lost essence will also be absorbed by the next wave of coffee to be processed.

Seasoned coffee method

There is a kind of brewed coffee that is attracting people's interest and growing rapidly in the market, which is called seasoned coffee. Today, there are more than 100 different flavors of coffee on the market. While coffee connoisseurs are still using their sharp noses to smell the coffee they consider sacred, it is just in time for seasoned coffee with chocolate or cinnamon. It is good to taste coffee alone, but it also shows great courage when it is mixed with other products. In fact, seasoned coffee is an old trick. In the Middle East, people traditionally add cardamom spices to their coffee; in Mexico, people have been drinking coffee with cinnamon spices for years. The continuous growth of seasoned coffee proves one thing, that is, coffee itself is versatile and has many advantages. The seasoning is added directly while the coffee is roasted and then sprayed with a special flavor to preserve the protective oil during transportation. Coffee made by this method is the ideal coffee drink in summer, because it can be refrigerated, such as canned iced coffee: frozen coffee with ice, or crushed ice. By far, milk is by far the most seasoned with coffee in the world. Although Arabica coffee does not add milk, pure caffeine people do not add cream, but for most people, coffee with milk is a perfect match for pride.

McVeigh follicular roasted coffee

Maiwei Coffee is the easiest way to enjoy the purest coffee-the convenience of instant coffee and the mellow taste of roasted coffee! Maiwei Coffee is a follicular ground roasted coffee, which is simple, hygienic, mellow and delicious. Maiwei Coffee uses a professional manual bean selection method to select high-quality coffee beans and roast them by carbon, infrared and other methods (roasted coffee accounts for about 70% of the coffee consumed worldwide every year) and ground into coffee powder (to meet the needs of different tastes, each box is equipped with a packet of cream and sugar). In the process of drinking roasted coffee, everyone can add the right amount of cream, sugar, wine, cream, ice cream, chocolate and so on according to their preferences to find the enjoyment that suits their taste. 90% of the world's famous coffee products are roasted coffee. The special "disposable roasted coffee brewer" for Maiwei Coffee has applied for a national patent; coffee beans are all professional hand-selected imported and domestic high-quality beans; professional baking; fashion value orientation: brand visual elements put "It's my way!" The cultural value of coffee, which can be tasted and felt slowly, is as rich in taste as Chinese tea-coffee is definitely not just an instant and monotonous beverage, it is not just a coffee-flavored drink with a lot of milk, sugar, ice and so on.