Introduction of Coffee from 53 Coffee producers in the World (5)

forty-one. Zimbabwe

Coffee cultivation in Zimbabwe began relatively recently, in the 1960s, when farmers in southern Africa set up coffee plantations. Coffee cultivation in Zimbabwe is mainly concentrated in the eastern highlands near Mozambique, which are mainly composed of the Chimanimani Mountains and the northward Nyanga Mountains, while the Nyanga Mountains are blocked by the Inyangani Mountains. The main coffee growing area is located near the town of Chipinge at the southern end of the eastern highlands.

Farfell Manor is one of the most interesting coffee plantations. This small plantation adopts a family business model, producing high-quality, hand-picked and sun-dried coffee beans. About 170 hectares of Arabica coffee trees are planted in the Fairfield estate. Good soil, high altitude and perennial precipitation make the coffee tree grow vigorously.

All in all, Zimbabwean coffee is the same as premium Kenyan AA coffee in every way, with a soft and fruity taste.

forty-two. India

There are several reasons why Indian coffee is popular with coffee hobbies, but the most important one is a process used in coffee beans, often called the "monsooning" process. In the past, passengers or cargo sailed to and from India, which took months to reach Europe. During the transportation, due to the high air humidity, the taste and color of the raw coffee beans changed. By the time they arrived at the destination, the coffee beans had changed from the original green to a strange yellow.

Consumers are getting used to this, so when steamships shorten the journey time, coffee producers find that consumers still want beans of the same color and taste that are affected by long trips. In order to recreate the flavor of the original coffee, the monsoon process was used. In May and June every year, monsoons occur in southwestern India, so during the monsoon season, people spread coffee in special houses open around them, about 12cm to 20cm thick, and keep them there for five days. Rake the beans again and again so that all the beans are exposed to the extremely humid air at that time, and then loosely put the beans into bags and pile them up. So that the monsoon can blow through the bag. The bags are reloaded and piled once a week for seven weeks until the coffee beans change color and taste. Finally, the coffee beans are hand-selected, remove those unaffected by the monsoon, and then bagged for export. October to February is a good time to make monsoon coffee.

In addition to Karnataka, good coffee is grown in Tellichery and Maral in the southwestern state of Kerala, as well as in Nilgiris in the southeastern state of TamilNadu (formerly known as Madras).

The best Indian coffee is also classified as Arabian plantation coffee, with the best grades A, B, C and T. "monsoon" coffee is divided into premium MonsoonedMalabar AA coffee and "monsoon" MonsoonedBasanically coffee. India also produces some bean-shaped berry coffee. At present, the problems facing the coffee industry are serious bureaucracy, excessive taxes and lack of investment. At present, the Indian Coffee Council (Indian CffeeBoard) controls the entire coffee industry, buying coffee and then selling it. Coffee is sold at mass auctions. These coffees are mixed together to reach a certain trade volume, which eliminates the differences between manors and regions, so that many high-quality coffee producers lack sufficient motivation to produce unique and high-quality coffee beans. The government tried to solve this problem in 1992, and through efforts, the famous ValleyNuggets coffee was obtained through seeds from A-grade coffee plantations in several high-quality coffee production areas. It is hoped that this will encourage other coffee growers, most of whom are really eager to bring their products into the gourmet coffee market.

forty-three. Indonesia

Coffee is produced throughout Indonesia (Indonesia), and Java occupies an extremely important position in coffee history.

Coffee trees were introduced to Indonesia by the Dutch in the mid-17th century (some official sources believe it was earlier). The first coffee from Java was sold to Amsterdam in 1712. However, coffee trees in all plantations were destroyed by coffee rust in 1877, and Robart coffee had to be introduced from Africa to replace the original species. Today, only 6% or 10% of coffee beans are Arabian coffee beans. Indonesia is the world's leading producer of Robbins coffee, producing 6.8 million bags of coffee a year, with more than half of the coffee coming from small plantations, accounting for about 90 per cent of the total production.

The best growing areas of the archipelago are in Java, Sumatra (Blawan), Sulawesi (Sulawesi) and Flores.

Java produces exquisite aromatic coffee with relatively low acidity, delicate taste and good balance. Java coffee has better aroma and acidity than coffee from Sumatra and Sulawesi. The best plantations in Java are Blawan, Jambit, Kayumas and Pankur. Java mocha is a mixture of Java coffee and Yemeni mocha coffee.

Sumatra, the second largest island in the Indonesian archipelago, is the center of Indonesia's oil industry, and its rubber and timber are also famous exports. But the coffee in Sumatra is more eye-catching, similar to Java coffee, but with slightly heavier grains. Coffee beans from Mandheling and Ankola are also valued, and the former is even hailed as the world's fullest coffee beans.

The island of Sulawesi, located between Brneo and New Guinea, is sometimes called Celebes. The coffee produced on the island is full of grains and rich in flavor. The best coffee beans come from Kalossi and Rantepao in the southern part of the island. In many brands, you might as well try Celebes Kalosi coffee.

One of the main coffee producers in New Guinea is the Sigri plantation, which has the same overall style as archipelago coffee, full of particles and good balance.

On the whole, Indonesian coffee has a strong flavor, mellow taste, slightly syrup flavor and excellent acidity. Its two main export markets are Germany and Japan, which reflects the excellent quality of the coffee. What attracts consumers is the unique quality of its Arabica coffee beans. You can add milk or cream to high-quality Indonesian coffee without worrying about affecting its taste. Indonesian coffee is divided into six grades, the best of which is AP. But no one is sure what these two capital letters stand for.

When ships replaced sailboats, coffee produced on these islands faced the same problem as Indian coffee from Mysore-that is, consumers were so used to coffee affected by long trips that they were reluctant to accept the taste of this "fresh" coffee. To solve this problem, the Indonesian government tried to copy coffee affected by long-distance travel, storing coffee beans for up to a year. However, what is unsatisfactory is that the taste of this wetted coffee is not so widely accepted that it affects the good reputation of its coffee.

However, Indonesia's "stored" coffee, or "journey" coffee, is still produced today. Its sales brands are generally "OldGovernment", "Old Brown" and "OldJava".

Although Indonesia produces so much admirable coffee, it is puzzling that local residents prefer Turkish-style coffee to its famous European-style coffee. KopiLuwah top coffee. The name of this coffee is KOPI LUWAK. The annual output is only about 500 pounds. Scarcity is the most expensive thing. The price of KOPI LUWAK is $300 a pound. The price may reflect its rare characteristics, while its "production" process can be described as "rare".

KOPI (Indonesian, coffee) LUWAK

It is found in Sumatra, Zawa, and Sulvis and is part of the 13677 islands of Indonesia. LUWAK coffee is as expensive as gold and silver is not an infinite scenery on a fake island, but because of how it is produced. On these islands in Indonesia, there is a kind of marsupial civet cat, which belongs to the genus tree-borne civet. Locals hate these raccoons because they often eat the most ripe and reddest coffee fruits in coffee trees. I do not know who first thought that this kind of animal can eat, digest and defecate. Some are shameless, desperate, or simply because lazy locals pick out more complete beans wrapped in pulp slime from raccoon droppings. Perhaps it is through the fermentation of enzymes in the animal stomach that this kind of coffee bean has a unique flavor. Interestingly, this particular "production process" is not unique to the coffee industry. The rubber-like ARGAN tree is native to Morocco and produces olive-shaped fruit that can extract ARGAN oil. In Morocco, cypress people drive sheep up trees and let them eat their fruit. Then they collect sheep dung, remove the dung, and squeeze the fruit out of ARGAN oil. ARGAN oil can be used for massage, eating and aphrodisiac. It is assumed that from the beginning, Indonesian islanders have used it to avoid the pain of climbing trees and produce the most expensive coffee in the world. This coffee tastes very thick with a touch of caramel. Although the coffee beans are stale and jungle fragrance, the baked beans have a very complex aroma. Because the stomach acid and enzymes in the digestive system of raccoons are very different from the fermentation process of coffee with water, the coffee is as thick as syrup. KOPILUWAK coffee tastes mellow and lubricated. Coffee as thick as chocolate pulp gives your tongue a long and clear aftertaste.

forty-four. Reunion

In 1715, the first coffee trees (about 40) were transported from the Yemeni port of Moka to LAR é union, but unfortunately only two survived. By 1719, coffee plantations had flourished and the first beans were sold. Over the next few years, the government took a hard measure: the islanders, black and white, had to plant 100 coffee trees a year. The law was amended in 1723 to emphasize that all slaves must plant 200 mocha coffee trees a year and that anyone who damaged the coffee tree should be put to death.

At that time, the island was still a French colony, called Bourbon, where coffee was produced and Arabian coffee trees shipped from the area to other countries had a name.

Interestingly, today, "bourbon" Arabian coffee trees have been widely cultivated and favored around the world, but almost no coffee is grown in Reunion. Here are the general characteristics of bourbon coffee.

forty-five. The Philippines

Coffee was introduced into the Philippines (Philippines) in the early 19 th century, and by 1880 the country had become the world's fourth largest coffee exporter. However, due to the spread of coffee rust, the country became a coffee importer soon after 1880.

However, the coffee growing industry has gradually recovered. Today, after slow and steady development, the country's coffee industry is growing and has great potential to develop high-quality varieties. The Philippine coffee industry is operated by the national industrial and trade department, but it is loosely managed, while all coffee exports are operated by private companies.

In fact, the Philippines is one of the few countries that can grow four varieties of coffee, namely Robart, Lieberica, Exelsa and Arabica coffee. Mindanao, the second largest island in the southernmost part of the Philippines, produces high quality and high yield Arabica coffee.

forty-six. Viet Nam

Today's production country, tomorrow's production giant.

Perhaps under the influence of French colonial rule, coffee grown in Vietnam has a French flavor. Arabica coffee was first brought to Vietnam by French missionaries. More than 400,000 coffee trees were introduced to Vietnam from 1865 to 1876 and planted near Tonkin Bay, mostly Java or bourbon varieties.

At present, coffee production in Vietnam is growing. Among Vietnam's new export products, tea ranks first and coffee ranks second. The main varieties produced are Robbite coffee beans, which were exported in 66000 bags in 1982 and soared to more than 200,000 tons in 1994. 96% of Robart coffee comes from small farms, but some state-owned farms also grow coffee trees.

Vietnam produces 950 kilograms of coffee per hectare, and many newly planted coffee trees are invested by the Japanese.

Two years ago, I read a survey report that Vietnam has overtaken Colombia in coffee bean production, ranking second in the world after Brazil. But the trees planted are Robusta trees, and there is still a big gap between the quality of coffee beans and countries like Colombia and Brazil.

forty-seven. Australia

Australia is an amazing country in many ways. The high quality coffee grown here is perhaps one of the most amazing things.

Australian coffee is of high quality and has a soft taste with a slightly bitter taste of caffeine. It is a pity that only a small number of products enter the export market, because production is limited by high labor costs, or by strong sunlight. Because it is too hot, people can not use cheap mechanical tools to pick, so they have to harvest it manually, which increases the cost of production.

forty-eight. Hawaiian coffee

Perhaps the most beautiful coffee bean in the world.

Kona coffee beans from Hawaii have the perfect appearance, and their fruit is extremely full and shiny. The taste of coffee is rich and aromatic, with cinnamon flavor and moderate acidity.

Hawaiian coffee is the only top variety produced in 50 states in the United States, and the United States is naturally its largest market.

Of all the coffee producers, Hawaii has the most stringent management of the coffee industry, the highest labor costs and the best level of investment.

Hawaii's coffee industry has to compete with the expanding tourism industry. Most coffee is grown on the slopes of MaunaLoa. Mauna Loa was originally a volcano located in the western part of the Kona region on the island of Hawaii. The coffee producing area is about 30 kilometers long and its growing areas are mainly concentrated in the north and south of the area. Coffee trees are planted in relatively desolate areas, but their soil is fertile and contains volcanic ash. Although it takes a lot of physical labor to start planting and it is difficult to manage, it is comforting that Kona's coffee trees (at least those growing above 90 meters above sea level) do not seem to be affected by any diseases and insect pests.

Although Hawaii is often affected by tornadoes, the climatic conditions are very suitable for the coffee industry. There is plenty of rain and sunshine here, and there is no worry of frost. In addition, there is a strange natural phenomenon called free shade (freeshade). On most days, at about two o'clock in the afternoon, white clouds appear in the sky, providing the necessary shade for the coffee trees. In fact, it is such superior natural conditions that make the Arabian coffee in the Kona region produce more coffee than any other plantation in the world and maintain high quality. For example, it produces 560,900 hectares per hectare in Latin America and 2240 kilograms per hectare in Kona. To the displeasure of coffee fans, only about 1400 hectares of coffee are produced.

Real Kona coffee is indeed a treasure in the world and is not easy to find. The best Kona coffee is divided into Extra Fancy, Fancy and NumberOne. This third-class coffee is produced on manors and under natural conditions. Most of the coffee that calls itself "Kona" now contains less than 5% of the real Hawaiian Kona coffee. Another good Hawaiian coffee can be found in the United States-Hawaiian Kaj Farm Coffee (KaiFarms).

forty-nine. New Caledonia

The lost glory

New Caledonia (NewCaledonia) is a former French colony, with only 10 per cent of the land available for farming, with coffee and corn as its main crops.

Missionaries introduced coffee from La é union in 1860, but by 1987 only 40 tons were produced each year, of which 37 tons were exported, mostly to France. The variety of coffee beans is an extraordinary Robbite coffee with excellent quality and rich taste, but it is delicate and only needs to be lightly roasted.

fifty. Papua New Guinea

The legendary background of modern coffee

In PapuaNewGuinea, about 75 per cent of coffee products come from small local farms. Many farms reclaim land in the forest, and some are in the depths of the forest, almost isolated from the rest of the world. Coffee in the country is grown on highlands between 1300 and 1800 meters above sea level, so it is of high quality. Although coffee is also grown in some lowlands, the yield is relatively small. Most of the locally grown coffee is grown under natural conditions because of the problems and high costs of transporting chemical fertilizers and pesticides to the farm.

The coffee industry plays an important role in the country's economy. More than 1 million people are directly and indirectly engaged in the industry. The government encourages planting by offering a minimum purchase price. The industry itself is controlled by the Coffee Industry Council (CoffeeIndustry Board). The committee is located in Goroka, east of the island.

However, the export business is handled by private companies.

The frost in 1975 destroyed most coffee crops in Brazil, but stimulated the development of coffee in Papua New Guinea. The Government has implemented a scheme to finance the creation of about 20 hectares of coffee plantations in rural or collective land ownership. This measure has indeed increased the penetration of coffee in the local economy, with annual production reaching 1 million bags by 1990.

However, it is almost inevitable that the surge in production leads to a decline in quality. Before 1991, the quality of coffee was good, and most of it belonged to open Y and so on. After 1991, the quality gradually declined, and with it the European market was lost. The extra price of coffee such as Y also gradually fell. This is related to the country's policy of "one grade, one price". This policy is not feasible for an industry as volatile as coffee. As a result, poor quality coffee beans damaged the image of high quality standards such as Y coffee, resulting in a backlog.

The government's response is to establish a new level of quality, temporarily suspend the production of coffee such as Y, and no longer implement the policy of "one grade, one price". This allows buyers to price according to quality, which is bound to have an impact on the income of farmers who produce shoddy coffee beans. By 1993, the quality problem had been basically solved. Most regular customers are buying coffee from Papua New Guinea again. Coffee such as Y is now sold at a slightly lower extra price, indicating that its quality has improved.

Although coffee trees grow vigorously in some places, the coffee beans harvested vary from raw to ripe due to the lack of persistence of the growers. AA is rare, and you can usually buy An and AB grades. The main characteristics of grade A coffee are: plump particles, light acidity, endless aftertaste after drinking.

fifty-one. Tahiti I.

Coffee from heaven

If you can drink Tahiti coffee, it is really "lucky" because this kind of coffee is extremely rare.

The trade name of Tahiti coffee is Tahiti. Arabica coffee (TahitiArabica). Any coffee exported from Tahiti, the largest of the Social Islands (SocietyIslands), can be said to be highly unusual. If you do taste this kind of coffee, you will be fascinated by its elegant flavor, round taste and unique characteristics.

fifty-two. Taiwan of China

Eighteenth Century, 1884 (10 years of Guang Xu)

During the Japanese occupation era, the Japanese saw that Taiwan's climate and soil were suitable for coffee, so the Japanese introduced "Arabica" from abroad. when the trial was successful in the north, they invested heavily in Zhiben and Mizuho, and the yield was good.

In the 19th century, in 1941, rich output and good quality and flavor led to the complete victory of coffee in Taiwan. soon after Japan launched the Pacific War, coffee sales became a problem and there was no one to take care of it. Farmers changed to grow rice, and Japan was defeated and retreated. Coffee declined after no one was interested in it. At present, the larger ones are Antong and Huisun. Around 1931, the Japanese Kimura cafe Company planted coffee in Chiayi and then in Mizuho, Hualien; in 1950, with the help of the US military, instant coffee was introduced to Taiwan, and there was only Nestle Coffee at the beginning; 1960 was the era of Honey Cafe, when the Star Cafe on Wuchang Street was once a famous clubhouse for domestic literary writers; the first International Coffee Association was established in 1962; coffee was grown on Antong Farm in 1963 The bookish coffee shop combined with the bookshop in 1980, the garden coffee shop, the European style coffee shop with personal taste, the Japanese coffee shop and the most prosperous coffee chain are popular in the middle and south of the country.

fifty-three. Yunnan coffee

The western and southern parts of Yunnan Province are located between 15 °N and the Tropic of Cancer, and most areas are 1000-2000 meters above sea level. The topography is dominated by mountains and slopes, with large ups and downs, fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, rich rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. These unique natural conditions form the particularity of Yunnan small grain coffee taste-strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, slightly fruity. As early as the 1950s, Yunnan small seed coffee was very popular in the international coffee market and was rated as the top grade of coffee.

History can be traced back to 1892. A French missionary brought coffee to Yunnan from abroad and successfully planted it in a valley in Binchuan County, Yunnan Province. The coffee plants of this batch of coffee seeds are still blooming and bearing fruit in Binchuan County.

In the mid-1990's, the planting scale reached 4000 hectares. By the end of 1997, the planting area of coffee in the province had reached 7800 hectares. At present, the planting area of the province accounts for 70% of the national area, and the output accounts for 83% of the whole country. Yunnan coffee has established the dominant position in China in terms of planting area and coffee bean production.

Distributed in Simao, Banna, Wenshan, Baoshan, Dehong and other areas in the south and southwest of Yunnan.