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Practical information | Coffee genealogy collation

Published: 2025-08-21 Author: World Gafei

Last Updated: 2025/08/21, Coffea / Coffee consists of more than 120 species, usually opposite leaves, evergreen shrubs or small trees with horizontal branches. Contains opposite species, one side is flat, and the other side has grooves (right! It's coffee beans! ). Tropical forests are the preferred habitat for most coffee plants. There are about 60 coffee plants in the world.

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Make up lessons before introducing genealogy varieties

Coffea /coffee genus

Coffea includes more than 120 species, usually opposite-leaved, evergreen shrubs or small trees with horizontal branches. Contain pairs, flat on one side and grooved on the other (pairs! Coffee beans!) The preferred habitat for most plants of the genus Coffea is tropical forests. There are more than 60 species of coffee plants in the world, only 25 of which are cultivated for coffee, of which only four are used as commercial coffee: Coffee liberica, Coffee canephora, Coffee arabica and Coffee deweverei.

Coffea arabica

The Arabica, as we often call it, originated in the forests of Ethiopia and southern Sudan and is now a very famous coffee bean grown all over the world.

Coffea eugenioides

Native to the East African Plateau, including Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya and western Tanzania. It is one of the diploid parent species of the famous arabica species (i.e. arabica mother). Lower caffeine content than arabica.

Coffea canephora

The plant is classed Robusta and recorded in the genus Coffea more than 100 years after the Arabica species. Another of the Arabica diploid parent plant species (i.e. Arabica's father). Originated in sub-Saharan Africa in West and Central Africa. Unlike akrabica, it is characterized largely as an efficient cash crop with higher yields and higher caffeine.

Typica and Bourbon

story

Arabica species, native to and around Ethiopia, then entered neighboring Yemen and spread around the world through Yemen. Today's Typicas refers to a group developed from Yemen by Dutch or possibly Baba Budan monks to Java and its outlying islands. The Bourbon we are talking about today is a branch brought to Bourbon by the French.

Typica

Typica is a tall cultivated Arabica species that originated from Yemen to Java and began to spread on the island of Java in the early 18th century.

Its plant is very similar to what we call Java today, with bronze pointed leaves, large fruits and seeds, very low yield, and susceptibility to all major diseases and insect pests.

Typica cultivated variety

Java

Java, which has long fruits and bronzed young leaves, is believed to be a descendant of coffee introduced to Java from Yemen. The variety was first brought from Java to neighboring islands (Timor) and then to East Africa (Cameroon) and was planted in 1980. Introduced to Central America by CIRAD (International Center for Agricultural Research and Development). In Cameroon, this variety is known for its moderate yield and good resistance to coffee berry disease.

Maragogype

A mutant of Typica was first discovered in Brazil in 1870. The fruit is large, long and a little twisted, and the plant has long internodes and large leaves. The output is relatively low.

Kent

It is believed to be a tall Typica variety that appeared in the Kent/ Kent region of India. This variety has been widely cultivated in India since 1930. One of the varieties is called K7, which is more common in Kenya and is the best rust-resistant coffee bean variety.

Typica/Iron Pickup Other Items Coffee

Kona | Blue Mountain | Sumatra

Criollo | Arabigo | Pluma Hidalgo

Bergundal (Garundang) | San Ramon

San Bernardo (Pache) | Chickumalgur

Blawan Paumah | Sidikalang

K7 | K20 | BMJ | Guatemala

Pache Comum | Pache colis | Villalobos

Bourbon

A naturally cultivated variety of arabica introduced from yemen to bourbon, france.

This variety generally has wider leaves, rounder fruits, stronger stems, and more erect plants than Typica. In different subgroups, the fruit may be red (Vermelho) or yellow (Amarelo). But they are equally vulnerable to all major pests and diseases.

Bourbon cultivars

Bourbon Pointu /Laurina

A natural mutant of Bourbon, originally found in Reunion/Reunion, was first recorded in 1947. The plant is shorter and assumes the shape of a "Christmas tree" tip. Compared to the original Bourbon variety, the leaves, internodes and fruits are smaller. Compared to other Arabica varieties, it has lower caffeine content. More susceptible to leaf rust.

SL28

A tall variety selected and bred by Scott Laboratories in Kenya, considered by many to be Bourbon type. Known for its relative drought tolerance, Ethiopia was introduced from Tanzania. It grows vigorously, yields moderately, is susceptible to various pests and diseases, and is most commonly cultivated in Zimbabwe.

SL34

A tall variety, also selected and bred by Scott Laboratories in Kenya, whose exact lineage is unknown, is considered a pure Ethiopian variety, while others believe it to be a mutation of Bourbon species. It is more resistant to pests and diseases than SL28 and still has high yield under extreme weather conditions such as drought. It has broad leaves and bronze fruits. It is one of the most widely cultivated varieties in Kenya.

Tekisic

Bourbon A strain grown in El Salvador. Small fruit, low yield.

Villa Sarchi

A dwarf mutation of Bourbon found in Costa Rica in 1957, susceptible to pests and diseases.

Pacas

A dwarf mutation of Bourbon was discovered in Santa Ana, El Salvador, in 1949. Good yield at high altitudes. It is a parent variety of the Salvadoran hybrid Pacamara. Susceptible to pests and diseases.

Pacamara

A hybrid of Maragogype and Pacas in El Salvador. Susceptible to pests and diseases. It was released in 1958, but the genetic instability was 10 to 12 percent, and it reverted back to Pacas/Pacas.

Caturra

A dwarf mutant variety of red bourbon. It was discovered in Brazil in 1937 and is very productive. Leaf and fruit characteristics are similar to Bourbon varieties, producing red or yellow fruit. Susceptible to major pests.

Mocha / Mokka

A short variant of Bourbon, genetically similar to Bourbon. There are round fruits. Believed to be named after the port of Mocha in Yemen, it grew up in Yemen and was brought to Reunion/Reunion Island.

Batian

Tall varieties similar to SL28, released by Kenya Coffee Research Institute in 2010 for rust and berry disease resistance. It was obtained by backcrossing SL28 and SL34. Young leaves appear medium purple to bronze.

Other coffee items related to Boourbon/ bourbon

French Mission | Yellow Bourbon | Red Bourbon

Orange Bourbon | Pink Bourbon | Mibirizi

Mayaguez | Bourbon Chocola | Semperflorens

Arusha | Ivairi | Cera | Jackson

Jackson 2/1257

Typica and Bourbon

Intraspecific hybrid varieties of

Acaia

A prolific cultivated variety of Mundo Novo grown chiefly in Brazil.

Mundo Novo

A tall variety formed by IAC in Brazil in the 1940s through a natural cross between Sumatra (Typica) and red bourbon. The yield is good, but it is vulnerable to major diseases and insect pests.

Catuai

The pure line variety developed by the Brazilian Institute of Agronomy (IAC) is derived from the hybrid between Mundo and Yellow Caturra. Released in 1968, short stature (from Caturra) and yellow or red fruit (Catuai-Amarelo and Catuai-Vermelho, respectively). The yield is good, but it is vulnerable to major diseases and insect pests.

Related single-item coffee

Maracaturra | Rubi

Ouro Verde | Ouro Bronze

Interspecific hybridization

Hybrids / mixed race

Timor hybrid pedigree

A variety produced by crossing Robusta with a natural variety Typica from Timor Island in Southeast Asia. These Robusta hybrid varieties may come from a single Robusta parent variety. It became popular in Timor in the 1950s because of its natural resistance to rust. Shortly after the collection in 1978, it was introduced to Sumatra in Sumatra and Flores in Flores, and some mutations have taken place since then. Different versions of the hybrid began to be used in breeding programs, hoping to introduce rust resistance to new varieties, such as Catimor,Sarchimor and Colombia.

Catimor

A group of hybrid varieties from Hibrido de Timors and Caturra. It began to spread in the 1980s and is very high-yielding, resistant to rust leaf disease and berry disease. One of the earliest widely popular varieties is Costa Rica 95, which has been available since 1995. Others include Catimor 129 and Catimor F6.

Colombia

It was released around 1985 by mixing all kinds of varieties bred by Catimors. Resistant to leaf rust. Because the combination of breeding is complex, it is relatively unstable. It is basically replaced by Castillo in Colombia.

Icatu

A tall variety developed in Brazil. It was bred by the cross between C. canephora interspecific hybrid and bourbon red. Published in the early 1990s. High yield and resistance to leaf rust.

IHCAFE 90

Named after a Honduran coffee institution, it is a cultivated variety of Catimor, which has been grown in Honduras since the 1980s.

Ruiru 11

A mixture of dwarfs produced by artificial pollination by a Kenyan breeding program in the 1970s and 1980s was released in 1985. It is developed based on the need for resistance to pests and pathogens and is a hybrid of Catimor and several coffee berry resistant varieties, such as K7, Rume Sudan and SL28.

Anacafe 14

Maragogype or pacamara were bred with Timor hybrid anacafe. It is rust-proof.

Sarchimor

A group of pure line varieties derived from the hybridization between Villa Sarchi and a Hibido de Timor, such as IAPAR 59 Tupi or Obata, showed good resistance to leaf rust and some had resistance to berry diseases.

Castillo

The most widely cultivated coffee variety in Colombia comes from a cultivated variety in Colombia. It is popular because of its reputation for resistance to leaf rust.

Oro Azteca

A short Carimor plant selected by INIFAP from Mexico. Issued from 1996 to 1997. It has similar rust resistance to most Catimors.

Related single item coffee

ICAFE 95 | IHCAFE 90 | IAPAR 59

IPAR 103 | Tabi | Costa Rica 95 (CR-95)

Devamachy | Marsellesa | Catigua

Bogor Prada | Tupi | Obata

Catrenic | Paraiso | Rasuna

Catucai | Lempira | Maracatu

Catiga MG2 | Selection 9 | Ateng

Parainema | Arla

Other family hybrids

Jember/S795

It was obtained by Indian breeders in the 1940s by crossing Kent with coffea liberica. It is named after the organization ICCRI (Japan Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute), which first introduced the variety to Indonesia. Widely cultivated in India and Indonesia, it initially exhibits resistance to leaf rust, but it weakens over time. Flavors similar to maple syrup or brown sugar.

Related single item coffee

S288 | S26

Kalimas | Menado | Kawisari

Ethiopian and Sudanese Coffee

Geisha

Ethiopian wild variety, now widely cultivated in Central America. Named after a city in western Ethiopia. From Ethiopia to CATIE in Costa Rica, then into the Boquete region of Panama. It became famous here for the Peterson family's Hacienda La Esmeralda estate. Excellent cup test performance, susceptible to leaf rust. It is also a cultivar released by Ethiopia's JARC/EIAR.