Drinking coffee leads to eternal life? Follow-up investigation on Coffee and death risk
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According to a recent follow-up study of about 20000 participants presented at the Congress of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC Congress), higher coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of death.
Dr. Adela Navarro, a cardiologist at Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona Hospital in Pamplona, Spain, said: "Coffee is one of the most widely consumed drinks in the world. Previous studies have shown that coffee drinking may be inversely related to all-cause mortality (all-cause mortality), but no such survey has been conducted in Mediterranean countries.
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between coffee consumption and the risk of death among middle-aged people in the Mediterranean. It is a framework project conducted by the University of Navarre, a long-term forward-looking group study that includes more than 22500 Spanish university graduates since 1999.
The analysis included 19896 participants with an average age of 37.7 at the time of registration. In this study, participants completed a previously validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to collect information about coffee consumption, lifestyle and sociostatistical characteristics, anthropometry and previous health status.
Participants were followed up for an average of ten years. Information on mortality was obtained from study participants and their families, postal authorities and national mortality indices. The potential interfering factors were adjusted according to the baseline of all coffee consumption, and the risk ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of accident mortality were estimated using Cox regression model (Cox regression models).
During the decade, a total of 337 people died. The researchers found that participants who consumed at least four cups of coffee a day had a 64% lower all-cause mortality rate (HR,0.36;95% CI,0.19-0.70) than those who never or rarely drank coffee. In addition, people who drank two cups of coffee a day had a 22% lower risk of death (HR,0.78;95% CI,0.66-0.92).
The researchers investigated whether gender, age or adherence to the Mediterranean diet had an impact on the relationship between coffee consumption baseline and mortality. They observed a significant interaction between coffee consumption and age (Play0.0016). Those over the age of 45 who drank the other two cups of coffee a day had a 30 per cent lower risk of death during follow-up (HR,0.70;95% CI,0.58-0.85). However, the correlation between the young participants was not significant.
"We found an inverse link between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality, especially in people over the age of 45," Dr. Navarro said.
The results show that drinking four cups of coffee a day can be part of a healthy diet, especially for middle-aged people over the age of 45.
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