Popular science | knowledge of coffee varieties, introduction of the types and tastes of individual coffee, price of single bean

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Popular science | knowledge of coffee varieties, types and tastes of individual coffee products

There are more than 6000 species of coffee trees, most of which are tropical trees and shrubs. There are four main coffee trees in the world, of which only two are of real commercial value and are planted in large quantities, and the quality of the coffee beans produced by other coffee trees is also higher than that of other coffee trees.

The first is Arabica beans, the world-famous Blue Mountain Coffee, Mocha Coffee and so on, almost all of them are Arabica. The other is Robasta species, which originated in the Congo of Africa. Different varieties of coffee beans have different flavors, but even the same varieties of coffee trees have their own unique flavor due to the influence of different soil and climate. The other two species are Liberian species and Esselsa species.

If the variety of coffee is divided by biology, it can be divided into Arabica, Robusta and Liberica. The main drinking varieties in the world are Arabica and Robusta. Lieberica is often overlooked because of its low yield or poor quality.

Generally speaking, Arabica is mainly used in single or boutique coffee, while Robusta is used to make instant coffee. Although Arabica can be defined as premium coffee and Robusta as secondary, it does not have to be classified in this way, and it is more appropriate to distinguish it according to its own favorite taste. In terms of taste, the United States and Japan drink light coffee made from Arabica more often, while Europe prefers Italian concentrate made from a mixture of Arabica and Robusta.

Arabica (Arabica): premium coffee beans with excellent flavor and aroma

Arabica is a representative variety of Ethiopia of origin, and it is also produced in South Africa, Africa, Asia and other countries, accounting for 70% to 75% of the world's coffee production. Arabica has weak resistance to diseases and insect pests, so the highland area is more suitable for cultivation, especially the quality of Arabica coffee beans produced in the highland above 1500 meters is the best.

The good quality produced by the effort like this, with a balanced flavor, taste and aroma, can be certified as high-grade coffee beans, mainly used in individual coffee or boutique coffee. The three well-known coffee beans: Kona in Hawaii, Blue Mountain in Jamaica and Moka in Yemen, belong to the Arabica variety. Arabica raw beans have a dark, narrow appearance, known as the highest quality of high-quality Arabica varieties, characterized by sweet, sour and aroma and other rich flavor.

Robusta: strong sour taste and strong taste

Robusta is of African origin and accounts for 30% of the world's coffee production. The word Robusta means "tenacity". In fact, this kind of coffee tree is not only resistant to diseases and insect pests, but can survive in any soil, even in the wild. Therefore, it can also be planted in high temperature areas, growing fast and easy to cultivate, and has the advantage of low price, which is mainly used to mix beans or make instant coffee as the main raw material. Some Robusta produced in India, Africa, Brazil and other places have a strong sour taste, high caffeine content and rich taste.

Recently, there are also varieties of Arabusta, which mate with Arabica varieties and have better taste and aroma.

The appearance of Robusta is bulging oval, and raw beans are light brown or yellowish brown with grass green and yellow luster. Compared with Arabica varieties, the taste is more fragrant and lighter, with less sour taste and more bitter taste.

Esselsa species

Ethel sa is a variety discovered in 1904, which is native to the Charlie River Basin in Africa, with small fruit and high yield per plant, especially a drought-resistant variety. The product has a strong flavor, slightly bitter taste and less cultivation.

Typica: the oldest native variety in Ethiopia, all Arabica are derived from Tibica. The top leaf of Tiebika is bronzed and the bean body is oval or thin in shape; the flavor is elegant, but the physique is weak, the disease resistance is poor and the fruit yield is less. Excellent manor beans such as the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, Manning of Sumatra and Kona of Hawaii all belong to Tibika. One of the characteristics is that the top leaf of Tibica is bronzed.

Bourbon: a variant of the early (prehistoric coffee) Tibika that changed its shape from thin to round after it was transplanted to Yemen. It was named bourbon in 1715 after France transplanted round beans from Yemeni mocha to the island of Bourbon on the east coast of Africa (renamed Reunion after the French Revolution). Bourbon beans spread to Brazil and Central and South America in 1727, and the British transplanted Yemeni mochas to St. Helena Island (where Napoleon was later imprisoned) in 1732. Bourbon is the winner of the American boutique coffee cup test.

[gene mutant-bourbon variety]

Pointed Bourbon (Bourbon Pointu): found in Bourbon Island in 1810, beans changed from round to pointed, with only half the caffeine content, but in small amounts, weak and extremely precious (mostly cultivated in the laboratory).

Kenyan "SL28" and "SL34": the bourbon line, screened and cultivated by French and British missionaries and researchers in Kenya in the early 20th century, has adapted to Kenya's high-concentration phosphate soil for a century, giving birth to Kenyan characteristics of sour elves; top Kenyan coffee comes from these two varieties, but it loses its flavor when transplanted elsewhere.

Yellow bourbon (Bourbon Amarello, or YellowBourbon): a bourbon variety endemic to the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo, where the coffee fruit does not turn red and is orange when ripe. It was later found that the pericarp of other local bourbon-derived varieties also turned yellow.

Kaddura (Caturra)

It is a single gene variant of bourbon found in Brazil in the 1950s. It has better yield and disease resistance than bourbon, and the tree is shorter and easy to harvest. Unfortunately, it has the same problem as bourbon-- as a result, it takes a year off for a year. The flavor is equal to or slightly worse than bourbon beans.

But it is more adaptable, can be planted with high density, does not need shade trees, and can be vibrant in direct exposure to the sun, so it is also called "exposed coffee" (Sun Coffee).

Kaddura is suitable for high altitude areas from 700m to 1700 m, but the higher the altitude is, the better the flavor is, and the bean yield is relatively reduced. There are also variants of yellow Kaddura in Central and South America, but the wind rating is not as good as Huang bourbon.

Catuai: Kaduai is a hybrid of New World and Kaddura. It inherits the advantage of Kaddura's low stature and makes up for the weakness of Arabica fruit. The result is solid, and it is not easy to fall when the strong wind blows. The biggest regret is that its overall flavor is slightly more monotonous than Kadura.

Kaduai also has the difference between red fruit and yellow fruit, and red fruit wins more often than yellow fruit. Kaduai, Kaddura, New World and bourbon are the four main varieties of coffee in Brazil.

Pacas (Pacas): a bourbon variety found in El Salvador. In 1935, the Salvadoran coffee farmer "Don Alberto Pacas" selected a high-capacity San Ramon bourbon variety to be planted on a farm. In 1956, his coffee tree yielded more fruit than the same kind of coffee tree. Professor "Dr. William Cogwill" of the University of Florida identified this as a genetic mutation in bourbon and named it "Pacas".

Pacas, with its high output and good quality, is popular in Central America. Currently, 68% of El Salvador is bourbon, while Pacas has 29%.

Vera Saatchi (Villa Sarchi): the bourbon variety, first discovered in Costa Rica in the 1960s, has often appeared on the cup test list of excellence in recent years. This is a rare variety bred through the cross of red bourbon tree species. Strong wind resistance, preference for high altitude environment, excellent acidity and a variety of fruit aromas, high sweetness, bright and delicate citrus acidity and low raisin and nut aromas, high complexity and full balance.

New World (Mundo Novo): a natural cross between Bourbon and Sumatra Tibica, first found in Brazil. Because of its high yield and resistance to diseases and insect pests, it was widely planted in Brazil in the 1950s and was praised as the new hope of the Brazilian coffee industry, but the trees were tall and difficult to harvest.

[gene mutant-Tieka variety]

Kona: although planted at an altitude of several hundred meters, Kona from the Big Island of Hawaii, with a mild sea breeze and fertile volcanic soil, has an incomparably clean sour and sweet taste. Compared with the blue mountains with higher elevations, it is even worse.

Blue Mountain (BlueMountain): blue Mountain, which is popular all over the world and hard to get a bean, comes from the iron pickup family. Why is Blue Mountain so hot and expensive?! It is mostly because it is contracted by the royal army, and partly because it is not satisfied with soil and water and is in poor condition once it leaves Jamaica. After two hundred years of domestication, Blue Mountain has evolved successfully in Jamaica, and its resistance to fruit rot is better than that of ordinary iron pickups.

Pacamara: a hybrid between Pacas (Pacas) and elephant bean (Maragogype), with a large bean body, second only to elephant bean, is an excellent variety produced in El Salvador in the 1950s, and has achieved good results in cup test in recent years.

Kent: the Tibica hybrid found in India has high yield and strong disease resistance, but has not achieved good results in the cup test.

Geisha / Geisha: a derivative of the Tibika family, it was exported from the Geisha Mountains of southern Ethiopia in 1931 (Geisha is synonymous with Japanese geisha). It was unknown in many countries and was transplanted to Panama in the 1960s and did not begin to win cup tests until 2005.

Elephant bean (Maragogype, or Elephant Bean): Tibica's best-known variety of beans, first discovered in 1870 in the Maragogype bean-producing region of the state of Bahia in northeastern Brazil, is at least three times larger than the average Arabica, hence the name. The taste of elephant bean is poor in low altitude area, but it has better flavor at high altitude, mild sour taste and sweet fragrance. (elephant beans on the right side of the picture)

Hybrid between Arabica and Robbosa bean (Interspecific Hybrid)

Timor: a natural hybrid found in East Timor, an island nation at the eastern end of the Nusa Tenggara Islands, with 44 chromosomes close to Arabica, but with a mediocre flavor, low sour taste and lack of characteristics, it is often used as a low-cost formula bean in Taiwan. However, East Timor also has high-altitude pure Tibica treated with water. Before buying, it is important to find out whether it is a hybrid or a purebred iron card water washed beans, the quality of the two is very different, the former is mediocre, and the latter is amazing.

Catimor: in 1959, the Portuguese mixed Brazilian Kaddura with Timo and bred the second generation of Cartimos with strong disease resistance and yield. But the flavor is also poor, and it is an important variety of commercial beans at present. In recent years, botanists from all over the world have turned to the interbreeding of Arabica and Katimodo belts in an attempt to reduce the pedigree of radish beans in order to improve the bad reviews of the Katimo Cup.

Icatu: a Brazilian variety that has been improved for many generations and has been in the top ten of Brazil's Outstanding Cup. In the past, Arabica mixed with turnip beans Arabusta "Arabusta", although increased yield and disease resistance, but the coffee flavor has not been good. Scientists crossed Arabica varieties with Arabica varieties such as Kaddura, New World and Bourbon for many generations, which gradually reduced the bad smell of radish beans and improved the aroma of Arabica beans, thus giving birth to an excellent variety of multi-generation hybrids-Icato.

Ruyilu 11 (Ruiru 11): a hybrid variety developed in Kenya in 1985 with heavy yield and low quality. There are no varieties of Arabica and sturdy beans that can be regarded as boutique coffee so far, so they are not available in many suppliers that specialize in freshly roasted boutique coffee, such as fresh. However, even many imported specialty coffee suppliers mix the hybrid beans with Blend to reduce costs. From the above-mentioned gene mutants (whether natural or scientific products), their flavor has a lot to do with specific geographical conditions.

The origin of coffee beans is mainly divided into:

Africa, Central and South America, Asia and islands

Coffee trees are only suitable for growing in the tropics or subtropics, so the zone between 25 degrees north and south latitudes is the most suitable for growing coffee. This coffee production zone is generally referred to as "coffee belt" or "coffee area". The ideal planting conditions of coffee trees are as follows: the temperature is between 15 ℃ and 25 ℃, and the annual rainfall must reach 1500mm~2000mm. At the same time, the rainfall time should be matched with the flowering cycle of coffee trees.

Of course, in addition to the coordination of seasons and rainfall, there should also be fertile soil. The most suitable soil for growing coffee should be fertile soil that is well drained and contains volcanic ash.

As for the ideal altitude of 1000m~2000m, it can be seen that the conditions for the cultivation of high-quality coffee are quite strict: sunlight, rainfall, soil, air temperature, as well as the way coffee beans are harvested and the production process will affect the quality of coffee itself.

African coffee

Flavor characteristics: charming acidity

African bean flavor: Ethiopian coffee has a strong orange flavor, while Kenya coffee has strong raspberry aromas, sour aromas of black plum juice and grapefruit, and sweet sugarcane aromas. The orange aroma of Ethiopian coffee and the raspberry flavor of Kenyan coffee are the most important features of African beans, and they are also the most attractive to coffee fans.

African coffee is generally characterized by strong aroma and charming acidity, its sour brightness is lively and exhilarating, but African coffee is often slightly thin and not very sweet. African coffee due to drought and lack of water, mostly use the sun method to deal with raw beans, the bean shape is often uneven and beautiful, and the defect rate is high.

Representative:

Kenya

Kenya grows high-quality Arabica coffee beans, which absorb almost the essence of coffee cherries, with a slightly sour, thick aroma, and are very popular among Europeans, especially in Britain. Kenya Coffee surpassed Costa Rican coffee and became one of the most popular coffees. With the aroma of mellow wine and flowers, the texture is full, small and round, because it is easy to roll in the pot, it can be roasted evenly, suitable for home baking.

Kenyan AA coffee is the best coffee in Africa, with a thick and full texture, slightly acidic, smooth taste and slightly alcoholic aroma. AA represents the highest quality coffee beans in Kenya.

[Kenya AA] (water washing is shallow)-angular strong fruit acid, and this Kenya, let me feel gentle, like facing the sea, the feeling of breeze blowing. Unlike Kenya, which used to be berry-based, this time it has a delicate red wine with sour fruit, cherry sweetness, BlackBerry lips and teeth, and a tail of black plum and sugar. Ice droplets are nice!

Ethiopia

Ethiopia is an agricultural country with a history and tradition of coffee origin. The place where the name "coffee" comes from is Kafa in the southwest, while the Sidamo place in the south is the main producing area, and Yega Xuefei is one of the southern producing areas of Sidamo. Eastern Highland Hara is as famous as the coffee name "Hara".

Ethiopia is an important coffee producer with about 12 million people engaged in coffee production and is a major exporter of Arab coffee beans in Africa. The high-quality coffee here is of excellent quality and is worth looking for. It has a soft taste, with wild flavor of wine, and slightly sour taste, unforgettable after drinking.

Yejaschuffe itself is a small town of about 20, 000 people, and the three neighboring producing areas, Wenago, Kochere and Gelena Abaya, are also classified as Yejasuffe because they produce coffee with almost the same flavor as Yejasuffe. Yejacheffe is similar to the neighboring Sidamo in terms of culture and geography, but it seems to be more favored to enjoy the advantageous conditions, top-quality Yega Chefe coffee with floral aromas, bright citrus acidity, lemon flavours and silky taste.

[Yechuefi aricha, Ethiopia] (light sun baking)-light fermented wine, sweet orange, spices, honey sweet, Aricha processing plant sun Ariga is the highest grade of G1 by ECX, from raw bean appearance, consistency, freshness to dry aroma and flavor are excellent.

[Yega Sherphine Woka, Ethiopia] (slightly roasted with water)-lemon, kumquat and white grape juice, the Waka Cooperative joins the famous Yejia Sheffield Coffee Farmers Cooperative Union to produce the highest grade G1 in Ethiopia.

Sidamo

[Sidamo 90+levelup candlelight] (light sun roasting)-rich aromas of berries, flowers, grapes and a variety of tropical fruits, Ninety plus is an internationally renowned coffee bean production and sales company, and is famous for providing rare and unique coffee beans, the top and unique representative of raw beans.

Central and South America

Characteristics of taste: balanced, moderate acidity and mellow taste

The flavor of Central and South American beans: generally speaking, the flavor is relatively regular. The Brazilian coffee is soft and sweet, while the Costa Rican coffee is gentle and supple, with a blend of sour, sweet and chocolate aromas.

Panamanian coffee has strong aromas of citrus, jasmine, almond, mango and nectar, with bright acidity and a strong resemblance to Ethiopia's national treasure bean Yega Sheffield. Pacamara coffee has a pleasant spicy aroma, a hint of ginger, sour and fruity. The most important feature of Nicaraguan coffee is its charming almond flavor, which tastes stuffy.

The overall flavor of Latin American coffee is famous for its balance, and all the flavors in the coffee can be found in Latin American coffee. The widespread use of wet treatment of raw beans is also one of the characteristics of Latin American coffee, good processing also makes its beans larger and more uniform than African coffee, and the defect rate is lower.

[representative]:

Colombia

Colombia is one of the largest producers of high-quality coffee in the world, a bright pearl in the world coffee map and a coffee land blessed by God. Arabica coffee is grown on steep slopes 800 to 1900 meters above sea level and is hand-picked and washed.

[Bayernardo, Colombia] (deep baking in washing)-sucrose, clean, medium mellow thickness, Santa Rita Manor, located in Antioquia, Colombia, treats coffee in the traditional way: picking coffee cherries by hand. Then the coffee fruit is washed and dried in a scaffolding. The environment around the Andes makes this coffee-growing area rich in volcanic soil and rich in water resources.

El Salvador

El Salvador coffee is also extremely high quality, and unique flavor: a strong sense of balance, fresh and lively, mild taste, sweet and pleasant, can be described as "pure natural flavor". This is because of the fertile soil, suitable altitude, good climate, intergenerational planting techniques and tree species with fine pedigree.

[Ataisi Manor Pacamara in El Salvador] (washed moderately roasted)-Nuts chocolate, passion fruit, cream, strawberries, the national average of high altitude, such a geographical environment is very conducive to the growth of coffee, farmers use the traditional way of growing: almost 100% shade planting. Pacamara is the artificial breeding variety of Pacas and Maragogipe, and Pacamara is a rare excellent variety under artificial breeding.

Guatemala

Guatemala is a coffee producing area that can not be ignored and is a typical representative of coffee flavor diversity. SHB (hardest bean) in Guatemala is almost a well-known synonym for high-quality coffee. There are eight major producing areas in Guatemala, with a mysterious sense of smoke. most of the coffee producers are of Mayan descent, and the whole territory has more than 300 microclimates in the world, which typically illustrates the rich regional flavor of coffee. Antigua / Vivette Nango (Highland) / Akanango (Valley) / Koban (Rainforest) / Lake Attilan / New Oriental / San Marco (Volcano) / Farahan (Plateau)

[Guatemala]-- the world's top manor Guatemala [Incht Manor] bid for Pandora Pacamara, with smooth taste, full flavor, outstanding sweetness of nuts and sweet tropical fruit.

Bolivia

The unique tropical rain forest environment in some parts of Bolivia provides excellent natural conditions for the growth of organic coffee. The aroma of Bolivian coffee is rich and unique, both after the bean is ground and the aroma of the coffee is quite rich, similar to the mixture of flower and fruit aromas, the perfect nutty flavor is impressive.

[Lake Titicaca, Bolivia] (moderately roasted in water)-dry aromas of roasted nuts and almonds, soft acidity of oranges and white grapefruit on the palate, sweet caramel on the whole, smooth texture of firm fruit milk, cleanliness and balance, and attractive herbal aromas.

Panama

Panamanian caffeine is famous in the world, and the reason is that it is closely related to Panama's unique physical and geographical conditions. Moderate curry body, smooth taste, delicate acidity, well-balanced taste value, coupled with subtle flavors such as caramel, chocolate, citrus and jasmine.

[Boquete Pocket] this is the Panamanian region we are most familiar with. The special mountainous terrain of this area forms a microclimate which is very suitable for growing coffee. Planting varieties: Tibica, Kaddura, Kaduai, bourbon, Rose Summer.

[butterfly] is it a mix of beans? No, the three varieties in the flower butterfly are all from the same place and the same area, so it belongs to the single bean! Because of the particularity of this [flower butterfly] in the variety, medium-shallow baking makes it not only have the unique fragrance of flowers and white grapes, but also have the sweetness and smoothness of honey, the aroma and finish are very long-lasting, and the taste is quite amazing.

Costa Rica

The coffee beans produced at the high latitudes of Costa Rica are famous in the world, full-bodied, mild in taste, but extremely sour. The coffee beans here have been carefully processed, which is why they have high quality coffee. Located in the south of SanJos é, the capital of Tarasu, Costa Rica is one of the most valued coffee growers in the country.

Honey treatment method

Honey treatment, called HoneyProcess or Miel Process, is used in coffee gardens in Costa Rica (Costa Rica), Panama (Panama) and Guatemala (Guatemala), which is called Honey Coffee. The so-called honey treatment refers to the process of making raw beans with mucous membrane for sun-drying. After the outer pulp of the coffee bean is removed, there will be a layer of sticky jelly. The traditional washing method washes it away with clean water, but this direct drying method has been born because of the limitations of water resources in some high-altitude areas.

What is the difference in flavor between yellow honey, red honey and black honey in Costa Rican honey treatment?

Simple understanding: the more pectin you keep, the richer and sweeter the coffee will be. Here is a comparison of the flavors of several honey treatments in our cafe:

Fenghuang Manor red honey flavor: dried fruit, vanilla, honey, thick and delicate taste, good sweetness, soft acidity, round and full, long-lasting finish, strong sucrose sweetness of plum, raspberry, chestnut and tail rhyme, and the fragrance of apple peel.

Yerzaro processing plant yellow honey flavor: famous for its excellent natural geographical conditions and excellent regional planting management technology, almost perfect classic flavor, lively citrus flavor in acidity. BlackBerry fruit aroma, acidity and texture, melons sweet taste smooth, drupe / micro-flower aroma, while the finish has a significant coffee flower aroma, is a full of Latin country taste coffee.

Rami Manor Black Honey treatment: with the mild acidity, soft taste and sweet high-quality berry flavor treated with honey, the most obvious difference between them is that they are sweeter than the other from yellow, red and black, plus richer fruit rhymes. The biggest feature is a very amazing sweetness, plum, honey, brown sugar tail rhyme.

Asian coffee

Characteristics of taste: deep flavor and strong taste

Asian beans and island flavor: mellow thickness is higher than Central and South American beans and African beans, but the sour taste is lower, the flavor is slightly sunken wood, herbs, spices and soil, and the low stuffy aroma is higher than the rising sour flavor. Island beans are relatively light and gentle, with a light and elegant tone.

When it comes to Asian coffee, the first impression of coffee lovers is often calm and calm. It is precisely because of the heavy nature of Asian coffee that it is very suitable to be used as a base when making Italian coffee. The raw coffee beans in Asia are generally processed by wet or semi-wet process. most of the raw beans are uniform, but the color of the beans treated by semi-wet method is darker. Asian coffee is generally characterized by thick flavor, strong sweetness and round taste, but slightly flat aroma and brightness.

Representative:

Indonesia

Coffee cultivation in Mantenin, Sumatra, began in the 18th century, when it was planted near Aceh province on the north side of Lake Tawar. For a few days, most of the Sumatran coffee area is located in the south of Lindong, Subu and Takengon coffee. Because there is little difference between planting areas, Sumatran coffee does not use the producing area as the distinguishing standard, but the way of picking and handling has a great influence on the flavor of the coffee. The famous "Golden Manning" is an excellent product after the Japanese strictly control these procedures.

Manning is one of the most suitable coffee beans for deep roasting in the world. One of the famous reasons is that its own characteristics do not disappear after deep roasting. Mantenin's thick flavor and low acidity make it very popular in Asia. In fact, the high quality mantenin is also very suitable for medium and shallow baking, which can show a good fruit flavor at this degree of baking.

[Mantenin, Sumatra, Indonesia] (deep baking in traditional wet planing)-baked toast, nuts, pine, caramel, herbs, Lake dopa in Sumatra province and Lake Tawa in Aceh all produce manning coffee. This is the famous "two lakes Shuangman".

The aroma of Golden Manning Coffee is rich and full-bodied, with clear high-quality acidity, high balance, and sometimes nutty flavor. In terms of appearance and quality, Java coffee is excellent, just like a woman's vaguely charming, charming and just right, memorable.

Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea is an anomaly in Indonesian coffee. Coffee estates are numerous, large and small in scale, and most of the small estates produce washed organic beans with strong flavor but no local flavor. These small estates also produce a small amount of sun beans, which are more varied and delicate than water-washed beans; the taste of large manor coffee is more clean and delicate, but some people think that it has less personality. Basically, Babu coffee is lighter than java beans, somewhat similar to good Central American beans. Most of the coffee trees in the area come from the Tibica seed of the Jamaican Arabica bean, mixed with the Arabica bean from Tanzania.

The coffee trees of New Guinea are of the same species as the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, and the seeds were successfully planted in New Guinea in 1927. Coffee in New Guinea is grown at a height of about 4,500 to 6,000 feet, mostly in small fields. Thousands of coffee farmers form cooperatives to manage the production and marketing of coffee, mainly to Australia and the United States.

Yunnan small grain coffee

Small-grain coffee is suitable for growing in the mountains at an altitude of 800 to 1800 meters. If the altitude is too high, it will taste sour, and if it is too low, it will taste bitter. Small grains of coffee are mostly planted in dry and hot valleys about 1100 meters above sea level, so they are moderately sour, rich and mellow. There is a unique environment suitable for the growth of small seed coffee in many areas of Yunnan, and the quality of small seed coffee is excellent.

[Yunnan Tibika] (moderate washing): the oldest native variety in Ethiopia and southeastern Sudan, all Arabica are derived from Tibika. The flavor is elegant, but the physique is weak, the disease resistance is poor, the fruit yield is less. Excellent manor beans such as the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, Manning of Sumatra and Kona of Hawaii all belong to Tibika. Tiebika top leaf is red copper, called red top coffee, Tibika belongs to Arabica. Palate: floral aroma, sweet melon, black tea.