What are the characteristics and advantages of the rise of Yunnan coffee in China to the road of high-quality coffee?

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Not long ago, at the global promotion activity of "charm Yunnan World sharing" held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Yunnan coffee smelled "Blue Hall" and attracted the world's attention. Foreign Minister Wang Yi praised Yunnan coffee: "it is the best coffee I have ever tasted all over the world."

Yunnan accounts for more than 98% of the country's coffee planting area and output, and is the largest coffee planting and export base in the country. Among them, Pu'er coffee accounts for half of the country, and Pu'er is known as the "coffee capital of China". Global coffee giants such as Nestl é and Starbucks have set up procurement stations or procurement centers in Pu'er; Yunnan (International) Coffee Trading Center has been set up in Pu'er City. Last year, the total coffee planting area in Pu'er City was nearly 770000 mu, with a coffee output of 52000 tons and a comprehensive output value of more than 2 billion yuan.

"We are always on our way to turn Pu'er coffee into a world-class boutique coffee." Pu'er City is actively establishing the only national demonstration zone for well-known brands in the coffee industry, speeding up the transformation and upgrading of the coffee industry to high-quality coffee, and improving the voice and competitiveness of Yunnan coffee in the international market, so as to change the image of Yunnan coffee as a place of cheap raw material supply. truly realize the brand dream of "Pu'er coffee fragrance floating in the world".

Fine management

Make up for the "congenital deficiency" of Yunnan coffee

Pu'er coffee belongs to small-grain coffee, which is rated as a first-class product by the International Coffee Organization (ICO). Its quality is similar to that of Colombian small-grain coffee. In 2006, the American Special Coffee Association gave Pu'er a comprehensive score of 88.75. in 2012, Jeremy Wakeford, chief cup tasting division of Starbucks, gave Pu'er a high score of 81.5. There is no doubt that Pu'er coffee is a fine coffee, which has a unique competitive advantage in the international market.

However, the coffee industry in Yunnan has been struggling with varieties for a long time. The main breed of coffee in Yunnan is "Katim", which was once thought to be unable to process and bake boutique coffee. How to solve this "congenital deficiency".

Walking into Fuyan Township, Menglian County, it is popular for producing high-altitude coffee, and the biodiversity of reasonable planting of shade trees in the coffee field is also very attractive. Pu'er City, in line with local conditions, ecological transformation of the built coffee garden, built an ecological coffee garden of 250000 mu, and strive to achieve ecological coffee garden in an all-round way by 2018. Actively strive for superior support, integrate industrial development funds, transform the city's 340000 mu medium-and low-yield coffee garden, change the coffee industry from extensive to intensive, and improve coffee output and quality. Through the improvement of water, electricity, road and other infrastructure construction of the coffee garden, as well as the renewal of coffee varieties, cutting and rejuvenation, soil testing and formula fertilization, shade tree planting and pest control, the average yield per mu of the coffee garden reached more than 120 kg.

At the same time, Pu'er City will strengthen the international certification of the coffee garden, such as EU, US, Japan organic certification and UTZ certification, Rainforest Alliance certification, 4C certification and so on, to comprehensively improve the quality of Pu'er coffee and improve its market recognition. In particular, we should carry out organic certification work in a down-to-earth manner to promote the promotion of organic standards. The city has entered the organic conversion period of coffee garden area of 28000 mu, has obtained organic certification coffee garden area of 7500 mu, including 4000 mu of EU organic certification and 3500 mu of Chinese organic certification.

With the fresh fruit of high-quality coffee, standardizing the initial processing of coffee is very important to improve the quality of coffee. Pu'er City encourages and supports coffee leading enterprises, large growers and farmers' professional coffee cooperatives to build standard primary processing plants, standardize processing standards and realize the fine operation of coffee processing links. Strive to build 128 standard coffee primary processing plants in the city by 2020, standardize and transform the existing 130 primary processing plants, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of the coffee industry.

Yunnan coffee is the main and largest coffee producing area in China. At present, Yunnan coffee producing areas are mainly distributed in Simao, Banna, Wenshan, Baoshan, Dehong and other areas in the south and southwest of Yunnan.

The main coffee producing area in Yunnan is Pu'er. Pu'er is a small town located in Simao and the hometown of Pu'er tea. it is famous for Pu'er tea because of its lush mountains and white clouds. It is somewhat surprising that coffee beans are also planted and produced in this tea township. Most of the coffee farms operated in this area belong to small farms of 300-700 mu, mainly producing Arabica coffee beans. The Tropic of Cancer just crosses the territory of Simao, in line with the basic conditions for coffee cultivation, where the climate is pleasant, which belongs to the low-latitude plateau and south subtropical monsoon climate zone, with the characteristics of low latitude, high temperature, rainy and quiet wind, no severe cold in winter, no hot summer, four seasons like spring, the average temperature is 19 ℃, the planting altitude is between 900-1300 meters, and the average annual rainfall is 1500 mm. There are congenital conditions for the production of high quality coffee beans.

Before large-scale cultivation, it is not easy for people in Yunnan to drink a cup of coffee. To stir-fry coffee, you must first mash the parchment layer with a stone pestle, then stir-fry the coffee beans by hand in an iron pan, and then grind the coffee into powder. It is very troublesome to drink a cup of coffee, and it is difficult to grasp the taste of coffee, so local people are not in the habit of drinking coffee. so far, it is quite easy to have a cup of Pu'er tea in Pu'er City, which is available everywhere, but it is very difficult to find a place for a cup of coffee. You can't find a coffee shop on Pu'er Street, or even a coffee roaster in Simao City or Kunming.

A special person has visited several local coffee farms in Yunnan to observe the patterns of planting and handling coffee beans in these farms. Their main planting and processing techniques and experience come from some international coffee companies. These international coffee companies have purchased a large number of raw coffee beans in Yunnan producing areas, set up coffee agricultural experimental farms, taught local farmers to grow and deal with coffee beans, and mainly introduced Colombian treatment methods. From washing beans, fermenting beans, drying beans are similar to the Colombian model. Most of these international coffee companies are the major producers of coffee powder and instant coffee in the world, and they have reasonable requirements for the quality of coffee beans, mainly for quantity; therefore, the requirements for bean shape and defects in coffee quality are not strict. Therefore, local coffee farmers grow and produce processed coffee in this direction. In terms of planting and treatment mode, there are often some problems.

They tried to find some farms in Yunnan producing areas that could produce high-quality coffee, and communicated technically with some coffee farm owners, and selected one of some farms to cooperate with their processing technology. They made some discussions and requirements to improve the quality of coffee beans. In this process, they also thanked the farm owners for their cooperation, and at the same time, they also improved the quality. Everyone worked hard to get good results and get the quality of Yunnan boutique coffee beans this time.

Yunnan coffee generally uses washing mode to treat coffee beans. In the early days, Colombian-style treatment mode was introduced by some large factories. Washing beans and drying beans were adopted Columbia mode. Coffee fruits were first mechanically removed from the peel and flesh through the endodermis. The fermentation tank fermented for 24 hours, and then washed the coffee beans with water to remove the pulp. At the same time, the bad beans were separated by the buoyancy of water. So far, the processing of coffee is close to the standard of foreign coffee countries.

However, in the latter part of the treatment, local farm owners use some rice processors to improve the treatment of coffee beans, because there is a great difference between rice and coffee beans, so some coffee beans are often treated, resulting in a high rate of damage. When they entered the producing areas, they had some discussions with local coffee farmers, but as most of the farms were small-scale operations and insufficient funds, they found a more economical and effective way to cooperate with them, but in order to meet the quality requirements, a lot of manual treatment was used to achieve the goal.

Yunnan coffee is located in the famous tea area of Zhipu'er in China because of its geographical environment, the coffee garden is not far from the tea garden, the coffee has a little tea flavor, but it still retains the characteristics of Asian beans, chocolate flavor is obvious, the taste is rich and full, smooth, the acidity is quite soft and moderate, and the sweetness is high. Although it is washed beans, it also has some natural wild nature of unwashed beans. On the whole, it is a satisfactory and pleasant coffee bean.