What is the transmission path of coffee? Introduction of basic varieties

Summary of coffee transmission path

Ethiopia to Yemen (595-850), Yemen to India and Java (1600), Java to the Netherlands (1706), Netherlands to Paris (1714), Paris to Bourbon (1718) Martinique, Haiti (1723), Mexico, Brazil and other Central and South American countries (1727) finally to East Africa (1900).

At first, France was the main supplier of coffee in Europe. In 1723 the French brought coffee trees from Martinique to the islands of Guadeloupe and Saint Domingue (present-day Haiti, Haiti). Since 1730, coffee trees have been planted rapidly throughout the Antilles Islands of France. Meanwhile, coffee production has spread to many other countries. The Spaniards took it to Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico) and Cuba (Cuba), then to Colombia (Colombia), Venezuela (Venezuela), and westward to the Philippines (Philippines). Coffee cultivation spread from Dutch Guiana (present-day Suriname, Surinam) to French Guiana (French Guiana), and in 1727 the Portuguese introduced coffee to Brazil (Brazil), which is now the largest coffee producer in the world. In 1730, the British introduced Typica coffee to Jamaica, where the finest blue mountain coffee beans (Blue Mountain beans) are still produced. By around 1830, the Dutch colonies Java and Sumatra had become major coffee suppliers in Europe. With British funding, India and Ceylon tried to catch up, but failed to change the status of the Netherlands. In the mid-1800s, camel spore rust (Hemileia vastatrix), a coffee pest, swept across Asia, cutting off supplies and giving Brazil a rare opportunity. Within a few years, Brazil has become the world's largest coffee supplier to this day.

Basic botany

Coffee is an evergreen shrub of the genus Coffea of Rubiaceae.

Coffee family tree

Arabica (Arabica)

Main subspecies: typica has a large bean shape, and the most well-known producing areas are Blue Mountains, Hawaii and Sumatra Manning.

Moka (Mokka)

Tico

The Indian variety of Kent PS should be a hybrid of Tibica and other varieties.

Saint Ramon (San Ramon)

Amarello (amarello) means yellow in Latin. The fruit is yellow when ripe and the tree has low yield and high yield.

Main subspecies: bour bon bean type is smaller.

Mondo Nuevo PS is a natural mating between Bourbon and Sumatra.

Cauttra PS is a bourbon mixed mutant bean type.

Catuai Ps is the mating species of Mondo Newford and Katila.

Vera Rob (villalobos) PS is a bourbon hybrid mutant bean type.

Verasaki (villa Sarchi) PS is a bourbon hybrid mutant bean type.

Garnica is a Brazilian hybrid.

Mibirizi is a Brazilian hybrid.

Gene mutant: pointed bourbon (Bourbon Pointu)

Maragogype, or Elephant Bean, commonly known as the Great Blue Mountain: Tibica's best-known variety of beans

Geisha (Geisha): a derivative of Tibika family

Yellow bourbon (Bourbon Amarello, or Yellow Bourbon)

Kaddura (Caturra): a single genetic variant of bourbon

Huangkadura (Caturra): breeding between Kaddura and Huangbourne

The bourbon variety first found in Costa Rica in the Villa Sarchi:1960 era

New World (Mundo Novo): a natural hybrid between Bourbon and Sumatra Tibica

Pacamara: a Hybrid Variety between Pacas (Pacas) and Elephant Bean (Maragogype)

Ikatu (Icatu): a Brazilian variety improved by multi-generation hybridization

Ruyilu 11 (Ruiru 11): a hybrid variety developed in Kenya in 1985 with heavy yield but less quality.

Robasda (Robusta)

Collins (Brazilian variety) (conilon)

Java java Ineac

That (Nana)

Ke Yulao (Kouilou)

Kang Junxi Shi (hybrid) (congensis)

PS. Robasda was originally a mutant of the caffea canephora species. Robasda caffeine is adaptable, so it means "tenacious and strong".

Marragozbi (Maragogype)

A mutant of typica, found in the Maragozbi region of Bahia, Brazil, which produces the world's largest coffee beans, sometimes called "elephahtbean" (not confused with the general deformed bean "elephant ear" elephant). At present, it is grown in Cuba Cuba, Colombia Colombia, Guatemala Guatemala, Mexico Mexico and Nicaragua Nicaragua. Because of its mild smell and attractive appearance, coffee beans are sought after by the public. due to low production and high production costs, supply often falls short of demand in the market.

Liberika Liberica

In 1843, it was found and planted in Laiberia: lowlands or plains below 200m, high temperature and low temperature, rain and little rain, tree height 10m, leaf tip pointed, rhombic petal 8 petals, fruit twice as large as Arabia, endocarp, seed coat are very thick, especially the seeds stick to the seeds tightly, the operation of removing the seed coat is more time-consuming, and it is not easy to peel off after maturity. Aroma: poor aroma, strong bitterness, disease resistance and adaptability are often used as rootstocks of Arabica. The lowest planting density is mainly produced in Liberia, Suriname, Gaiana, India, Malaysia, Angola, Ivory Coast, Philippines

Other cultivated varieties

Alabasda (arabusta) (insert)

Shibulai Doudimo (hibrido be timor)

Ruiru Eleven Kenyan dwarf

The mating species of Timor Arabica and Robesda

Catimor Ps was born in Portugal in 1995 as the mating species of Catera and Timo (resistant to embroidery).

Eccardo (icatu)

The variety Columbia (Variedad Colombia) is a hybrid of Katymo and Cartilla, with a pedigree of 4 gamma and 1 robusta.

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