What conditions do coffee trees need to meet to grow well? How to plant coffee trees?

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What conditions do coffee trees need to meet to grow well? How to plant coffee trees?

Rainfall amount

The development of coffee needs sufficient moisture, and the annual rainfall should be at least 1000 mm, and the maximum should not exceed 3000 mm. The rainfall should not be excessive or moderate. If there is too much sauce for a time, or if there is no rain for a long time, the growth of coffee will be affected. However, less rain in winter is conducive to harvest and growth. However, the need for coffee and water varies with the type. Arabica is more suitable for dry environment, while Romsta Coffee and Liberica can only be cultivated in warm and humid tropical climates.

Wind and sunshine

Wind is also one of the important factors in coffee cultivation. Arabian species and large-leaf coffee are afraid of wind damage by branches. Coffee cultivated in sandy land can uproot trees or lodge them because of the strong wind after rain. when coffee is fruited, it has been hit by a storm and the harvest has been reduced. In addition, there is often a wind with salt in the seaside areas, which can hinder and damage the growth of coffee, and it will take a long time to recover, so the cultivation of coffee has been chosen to compare the Bifeng area or to set up windbreaks. In addition, in terms of sunshine, coffee grows under shaded conditions in the country of origin of Abyssinia, so planting taller shade trees in some areas (such as Africa, Java, and so on) has prevented short coffee trees from being directly exposed to sunlight. However, the need for shade trees has also been debated all over the world.

Topography and soil

Coffee is not strict with the soil, but the saline-alkali soil or strongly acidic soil near the sea is not suitable, but the gentle slope with deep soil layer and rich organic matter is the best, and the volcanic soil and newly reclaimed soil after deforestation are also suitable, and the clayey soil has gravel. If the drainage is good, it is also worried about its growth. Romsta Coffee Coffee is sensitive to soil acidity, uncomfortable with coastal soil, and newly reclaimed land. The weathered soil of crushed granite grows better, while Arabica coffee is on the hillside and produces better quality coffee. The world's best coffee Blue Mountain Coffee (blue mountain) the best planting site, has been weathered granite soil, that is, on the slopes of Jamaica's extinct volcano area, the soil quality is superior, the climate is suitable, that is, the first choice of all conditions.

Cultivation mode

Breeding

Coffee breeding can be divided into two types: sowing and asexual reproduction. Generally speaking, the most economical cultivation still uses seeds to propagate, because it is simple and easy to use, and most seedlings can be obtained, but the flowers of Arabica species are poly-cross-fertilized. The shape and quality of its offspring are not fixed as a disadvantage. The following is a general description of coffee reproduction.

Seed propagation

The seeds used for coffee reproduction are mostly the seeds of asexual reproduction trees, the so-called asexual reproduction seeds, and it is appropriate to take fully mature seeds from the mother plants with older age, strong growth, rich yield and free of diseases and insect pests. As a seed fruit, it is best to remove the skin and flesh manually, because the use of machinery is often easy to damage the seed coat, and then after selection.

When sowing, earthen pots, wooden boxes or bamboo cages can be used when the amount of seed is small. If the quantity is large, select the land with good drainage and fertile and loose quality, set up a seeding bed with a width of 1 ~ 1.4m, plant spacing of 2 ~ 5 cm, germinate after 5 to 8 weeks, and then transplant into a larger nursery when it grows into four leaflets, usually 1750 trees per hectare is enough.