Introduction to novice coffee beans. Introduction to common black coffee beans. Are coffee beans expensive?

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The problem of coffee flavor bothers many students. Why can't I drink so many flavors on the flavor table? I just came into contact with the "coffee flavor table" in the eyes of coffee rookie. it's probably the most intuitive feeling-- it's normal that a lot of coffee Xiaobai drinks coffee only with coffee flavor. What I drink is coffee, and all I smell is coffee.

When coffee is in your mouth, you can feel its flavor. In this regard, many enthusiasts, especially those who are just beginning to come into contact with coffee tasting, can start from Brazil, Mantenin and Kenya, which have a prominent flavor personality.

The representative of Brazil is American flavor.

Manning represents the flavor of the Asian region.

Kenya represents the flavor of Africa.

● black coffee (that is, black coffee) refers to unmodified coffee, no added sugar cream and other additions, including American, Italian espresso and individual coffee.

Today we learn about single-item coffee. As the name implies, single-source coffee comes from a particular place, usually as specific as a farm, cooperative or estate. The culture of coffee is related to the geographical location, climate, soil conditions, etc.-give each coffee a unique taste from a single source.

Here are five kinds of classic black coffee beans:

● Sumatra Manning

In the mid-17th century, coffee trees were introduced to Indonesia by the Dutch. Indonesia exported 300000 tons last year, making it the fourth largest coffee producer in the world. About 75000 tons are Arabica coffee. 90% of these coffees are grown by sharecroppers on one hectare or less.

The main producing areas of Indonesian coffee are Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi, of which "Manning" from Sumatra is the most famous. At the north end, Lake Tawa can be called Aceh Coffee or Lake Tawa Coffee, and the area between Lindong and Lake Toba can be called Manning. There are eight provinces, but only two provinces grow a lot of coffee-Aceh and Jiangsu, the two most representative coffee producing areas are the Gayo Mountains around Lake Lake Tawar in Aceh, which are grown by indigenous Gayo people. Coffee in Jiangsu Province is grown around Lake Lake Toba, which covers a huge area and is the largest volcanic lake in the world. Mantenin, produced by Lake Tawa and Lake Toba, is the famous "two lakes and two man", while to the south of Lake Toba is the Lintong producing area.

Planting environment

Lin Dong Mantning grows in the original Michael Mountains at an altitude of 1000-1500. There are many volcanoes and lakes in the territory, the most famous of which is the freshwater lake Lake Lawar. Fresh soil, which comes from volcanic soil, is a primitive brown ash mixed with a considerable amount of organic matter. Coupled with the local rainforest climate, Rain Water is abundant all the year round, providing the most suitable geographical and climatic environment for coffee growth.

The wet planing method is commonly used in Indonesia, which makes the flavor mellow and strong, with a very distinct personality. It takes an average of 2-3 weeks for coffee to dry, because Indonesia has 70-90% humidity all year round, typhoons and heavy rainfall, and dry coffee is a big problem in such a humid climate in Indonesia. Farmers seek more efficient economic returns. It is obviously different from the water washing method, removing the skin and flesh, leaving the parchment and mucous membrane to ferment in the pool, then washing off the mucous membrane, drying the parchment in the sun for 2-3 days until the moisture content is 20-24%. Planing off the parchment will remove the parchment to do the last step of drying, so that the sun will shine directly on the surface of the raw bean, making the coffee raw bean dry quickly, which is 2-3 times faster than the washing treatment. So beans are more likely to be squeezed and form a small gap, which is what we often call horseshoes or sheep's hoof beans.

Flavor features: sweet herbs, cinnamon spices, orange pomelo peel flavor, mellow sweetness, creamy walnut chocolate. The fruit acid is introverted and soft, with a strong melon fragrance in the aroma, the herb fragrance decreases with the temperature, with a hint of spice, the herb flavor is mellow and full of sweetness.

● Kenya

Planting environment

Located in eastern Africa, the equator runs through central China, and the Great Rift Valley stretches north and south. It is bordered by Somalia to the east, Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, Ethiopia and Sudan to the north, and the Indian Ocean to the southeast. There are many plateaus in the territory, with an average elevation of 1500 meters. Coffee is mainly grown in volcanic areas from the capital Narobi to the mountains of Kenya at an altitude of 1600-2100 meters. Because the mountain area has lower temperature, slower growth and harder texture, the aroma components of coffee beans have been fully developed, and the soil contains high phosphoric acid content, which makes the acidity more obvious. This fertile, moon-shaped coffee area is the main producing area of Kenyan boutique beans.

[Kenyan-style K72 treatment] originated in Kenya to adopt the cyclic repeated treatment method of washing after fermentation, which is made after the same day of harvest to screen the best quality cherries for peeling and fermentation. the fermentation time is 24 hours, and clean river water is used after 24 hours. Then, it was fermented again with clean river water for 24 hours, then washed, and repeated 3 times for 72 hours, so it was called Kenyan 72-hour fermentation water washing treatment, referred to as [K72]. Repeated renewal of recycled water helps to reduce mold growth, remove residual pectin, and make the flavor more delicate and delicate.

Kenyan coffee varieties: two Kenyan varieties have particularly attracted the attention of the boutique coffee industry: SL-28 and SL-34. This is guy from Scott Lab. Gibson led the research project to produce two of the 40 experimental varieties, but these varieties are prone to leaf rust. Bourbon variants SL-28 and SL-34 have always been winners in the auction of expert cup tester Narobi. The Kenyan raspberry aroma comes from these two beans, especially SL-28, which has a good flavor but poor disease resistance.

The grade of Kenyan raw beans is divided into seven grades according to the size of the beans and six grades according to the taste. The best coffee in Kenya is bean berry coffee (PB), followed by AA++, AA+, AA, AB and so on. The fine coffee is shiny, delicious and slightly alcoholic. "Kenya AA" is particularly well received in terms of taste.

Flavor features: bright sour fruit, lemon and citrus acid, blackcurrant and cranberry flavor, high sweetness, high cleanliness, like fruit juice taste.

● Costa Rica

Planting environment

The coffee beans produced in the high latitudes of Costa Rica are famous in the world, full-bodied, mild in taste, but extremely sour. The coffee beans here are carefully processed to produce high-quality coffee. Tarazu, located in the south of SanJos é, the capital of Colombia, is one of the most valued coffee growers in the country.

High-quality Costa Rican coffee, known as "SHB extra hard beans", grows above 1500 meters above sea level. Altitude has always been a problem for coffee growers. The higher the altitude, the better the coffee beans, not only because the higher altitude can increase the acidity of the coffee beans and thus increase the flavor, but also because the night temperature at the higher altitude is lower, which can make the trees grow slowly, thus making the coffee beans have a stronger flavor. In addition, due to the high altitude drop caused by sufficient rainfall, while the volcanic soil is very fertile, good drainage, is also very beneficial to the growth of coffee trees. With a strong sour taste and charming aroma, the bean shape is usually full of particles, clear flavor, bright acidity and ideal consistency. The strong flavor makes the tail rhyme reverberate in the throat for a long time, unforgettable.

In the treatment method, the harvested fruit is put in a water tank and soaked for about 24 hours, when the ripe fruit will sink, while the unripe and overripe fruit will float up, and then use the machine to remove the peel and pulp, leaving only coffee beans wrapped in endocarp. At this time, there is a layer of mucous membrane on the outside of the bean, which is placed in the slot for about 18-36 hours to make it mellow and decompose the mucous membrane. In the process of getting mellow, the seeds and internal pulp will have special changes, introducing an endless supply of running water, going back and forth, using the friction of beans and the power of running water to wash the coffee beans until smooth and clean, and then dry the shell beans for another 2-3 weeks. Finally, remove the parchment.

Costa Rica mainly grows [Kaduai]. The single gene variety of bourbon and the hybrid of New World and Kaddura can be described as mixed second generations, with better yield capacity and disease resistance than bourbon, shorter trees, easier harvesting, stronger adaptability, and can be planted with high density. It inherits the advantage of the low height of the Kaddura tree, helps inherit the advantage of the low height of the Kaddura tree, and makes up for the weakness of Arabica fruit.

Flavor: bright sour fruit with lively citrus flavor, berry aroma, acidity and texture, a little nutty sweetness and smooth taste, while the finish has a significant coffee flower aroma.

● Papua New Guinea Bird of Paradise

Papua New Guinea is an island country in the western South Pacific, the second largest country in Oceania and a member of the Commonwealth, including the eastern half of New Guinea and nearby Bismarck Islands, Bougainville Island and so on. The name of the country is composed of Papua and New Guinea, which gets its name from the island. But Papua New Guinea produces one of the best quality coffee in the world. The local coffee variety comes from the Blue Mountain Coffee in Jamaica and belongs to Typica.

Planting environment

Higrid / Bird of Paradise Manor is located in the Waghi Valley in the West Highlands Province (Western Highlands), in the high altitude mountain area of 1600-1800 meters, it has well drained volcanic soil, cool climate, fertile soil and abundant rainfall. Sigri has a wealth of experience in coffee cultivation and processing. The harvest season of local coffee is from May to August (most of Central and South America is harvested from October to February of the following year).

Planting the ancient variety Tiebika, the bean body is oval or thin, the flavor is elegant, but the physique is weak, the disease resistance is poor, the plant is strong, not resistant to light, and the fruit yield is less, but the sense of balance is excellent, the acidity is elegant and comfortable, and the return is pleasant for a long time.

Treatment method

Using three times of water washing and fermentation, each time soaking for about 24 hours, and changing clean water to control the flavor of coffee, the pulp can be completely removed, and then dried in the natural sun; after cleaning, the shell of raw beans is removed and then graded, such as AA, AB, PB beans, etc., this fine post-processing method brings bright and delicate sour flavor to the coffee itself, clean and long sweet taste.

Flavor: when smelling, there are nutty, sweet sugarcane and hazelnut aromas. when drinking, the slightly sour and sweet sense of fruit acid brings out a good sense of layering, the aftertaste is quite sweet and special, and the taste is rich and well-balanced. with sweet and bright orange acidity, with fruit-like aroma.

● Brazil Red Bourbon

Brazil is the largest coffee producer in the world, providing nearly 45% of the world's coffee raw beans. The length of the country's dry season may even affect coffee prices around the world. Coffee farms are mostly about 600-1000 meters above sea level, with flat and monotonous landforms, lack of micro-climate, and accustomed to unshaded tree planting, resulting in the development of Brazil's unique soft bean flavor-low sour, nutty, sweet chocolate and good mellow.

Planting environment

Among them, the South Minas producing area is 1000m-1200m above sea level, with rich geomorphology, obvious dry and wet season, large temperature difference between day and night, and rich microclimate, which is suitable for cultivating elegant bourbon and yellow bourbon, so it has naturally become the main producing area of Brazilian boutique coffee. Low sour, nutty, sweet and mellow chocolate.

[red bourbon] after general coffee trees blossom and bear fruit, the color change of coffee fruit is from green > to yellowish > to light orange > to mature red > to ripe dark red, which is planted in bourbon at high altitude, it usually has better aroma, and the acid is brighter, and it even tastes like red wine. Generally speaking, bourbon is a coffee tree that belongs to a branch of Arabica species, generally bearing red fruit, called red bourbon, in addition to yellow bourbon, orange bourbon, yellow bourbon relatively low yield, but better quality.

Treatment method

The use of half-sun treatment, first washing, and then sun, through rapid fermentation to make the acid softer, taste pure, flavor more balanced.

Flavor: dry caramel, mild, soft fruit acid, citrus style, medium mellow, with a hint of creamy sweetness and a finish of milk, nuts and dark chocolate.

The five beans all have their own characteristics, representing the overall flavor of Asia, Africa and America, which belongs to the flavor introduction of classic black coffee. Coffee Xiaobai boutique coffee can be identified from Mantenin, Brazil, or American beans, which are more obvious in flavor. No, no, no.

● entry Coffee Bean Brand recommendation

The entry-level coffee beans of Qianjie Coffee roasting: Yega Chuefei Coffee, Panamanian Flower Butterfly Coffee, Indonesian Manning Coffee and so on are fully guaranteed in terms of brand and quality. And more importantly, the performance-to-price ratio is extremely high, a pack of half a pound 227 grams, the price is only 80-90 yuan. According to the calculation of 15 grams of powder per cup of hand-brewed coffee, 15 cups of coffee can be made in a bag, and each cup of coffee costs only about 6 yuan, which is very cost-effective for coffee shops to sell dozens of yuan a cup.

Qianjie coffee: Guangzhou bakery, the store is small but a variety of beans, you can find a variety of unknown beans, but also provide online store services. Https://shop104210103.taobao.com