When is the first peak period for the development of coffee planting industry in China?

By the end of the 1940s, according to recorded figures, there were 2173.33 hectares of rubber plantations on Hainan Island, with a total of 867600 rubber trees, with an annual output of 199,000 tons of dry rubber, more than 300,000 coffee plants and an annual output of 1 ton of coffee beans. According to a survey in the early 1950s, a large number of coffee was left in Fushan area of Chengmai County, with a total of 70,000 plants, including more than 40,000 plants in Daji Village and more than 10,000 plants in Fushan Farm (Hongguang Farm). According to a survey in 1954, there were more than 290000 "2" plants on the island. Coffee was introduced into Leizhou Peninsula around 1949. Chen Jingyao, an old returned overseas Chinese from Xuwen County, brought back some small Arabic seeds from Malaya, raised seedlings and planted them in Keng Tsai Village.

When the people's Republic of China was founded, there were all kinds of waste waiting for prosperity. This country, which has just emerged from the semi-feudal and semi-colonial state and successive years of war, has entered a comprehensive social transformation: economy, politics, culture, ideas, and mode of production have all changed, developed and innovated with the founding of the people's Republic of China. The positive, scientific and progressive things grow up in the confrontation with the negative, ignorant and backward things. In order to consolidate the new regime, enhance the people's sense of identity with the new democratic politics, and accelerate the completion of social change, the first generation of central collective leadership represented by Mao Zedong is leading the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to strive to restore the national economy. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the cause of land reclamation in Guangdong is a brand-new cause developed by state investment and reclamation, construction and management on state-owned land. Party and state leaders are very concerned about the cause of land reclamation. Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu de, Chen Yun, Deng Xiaoping, Dong Biwu, Chen Yi, Liu Bocheng, Ye Jianying, Deng Zihui, Guo Moruo and Wang Zhen have visited the reclamation area and are concerned about the development of the coffee industry. In 1952, Taiyang River Coffee Factory, the first coffee monopoly manufacturer in New China, was established at the overseas Chinese Farm in Xinglong Town, Wanning County, Hainan Province.

The development of coffee planting in Guangdong land reclamation began in 1954. Based on the original coffee tree, carefully select seeds for reproduction. In 1955, 127.47 hectares of coffee were planted in the state-owned reclamation farms in Hainan reclamation area. In 1956, the South China Reclamation Bureau applied to the state for foreign exchange and imported a total of 581.6 kilograms of coffee seeds from Indonesia and Malaya. The seeds were distributed to Hainan Reclamation Bureau, Western Guangdong Reclamation Bureau, Hepu Office, Yantang Reclamation Farm, South China Subtropical crop Science Research Institute and county demonstration farms. In the four years from 1956 to 1959, a total of 1426.67 hectares of coffee were planted. There are 55 farms (stations) for growing coffee (including trial planting), including 33 farms (stations) in Hainan Reclamation area, with 906.67 hectares of coffee growing, and 22 farms (stations) in western Guangdong Province, planting (including trial planting) coffee 520 hectares. A total of 53.7 tons of dry coffee beans were produced in these four years. This is the first exuberant period for the development of coffee farming in Guangdong.

In order to meet the needs of Eastern European countries and the Soviet Union in the 1950s, Yunnan Province promoted the development of Lujiangba coffee in Baoshan City, making Lujiangba the first small seed coffee production base in the country. At present (1994), this batch of original species is still the leading variety of small seed coffee in Yunnan, with an area of 2666.67 hectares, of course, its original mother plant no longer exists. However, judging from the current situation of planting in the field, the variety structure of Tiebi accounted for 83.6%, and the wave band accounted for 16.4%. At present, this batch of original seeds not only provide the demand for planting in the province, but also provide planting in Hainan, Guangdong and other places, but also continue to provide corresponding cultivation technical data. In this way, Lujiangba in Baoshan City has become the scientific research center and birthplace of small seed coffee in China, which has played a positive role in coffee production.

Full record of early trial and expansion of Yunnan Agricultural Coffee (1955-1980)

Serial number

Unit

Trial planting age

Trial planting area (ha)

Planting age

Planting area (ha)

Harvest time

Output (tons)

Remarks

one

Dehong Branch Test Station

1956

8.2

1961

458.6

1961

34.6

two

State-owned Lujiang Farm

1955

Unknown

1959

one hundred

1984

454.6

The yield per hectare is 2854.05 kg.

three

State-owned New Town Youth Farm

1956

0.97

1957

15.4

1960-

1985

307.33

The yield per hectare is 5692.5 kg.

four

State-owned Shuangjiang Farm

1956

10.47

1956

10.47

Unknown

Unknown

All replanted in 1975

five

State-run Chaofang farm

1956

53.33

1961

eighty-four

1985

1.52

The production area is 13.73 hectares.

six

State-owned Hekou Farm

1955

0.51

1985

4.47

0.43

seven

State-owned Jinghong Farm

1958

Unknown

1979

246.67

Unknown

eight

State-run olive dam farm

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

nine

State-owned Kumachi Farm

-

-

1960

Unknown

-

-

ten

State-run Meng Provincial Farm

-

-

1959-1961

186.67

-

-

All scrapped in 1963

eleven

State-owned Tianbao farm

-

-

1959

84.93

Unknown

-

All scrapped in 1963

twelve

State-owned Babu Farm

1960

13.33

1980

2.28

1982-1985

67.28

thirteen

State-run health farm

1958

three hundred and twenty

1962

85.6

Unknown

-

All scrapped in 1961

fourteen

State-owned Simao Farm

-

-

1968

Unknown

-

-

fifteen

State-run Menglian Farm

1962

two

1985

two

sixteen

State-owned farming farm

-

-

1958

239.6

1961

1.94

Harvest area 22.67 hectares

seventeen

State-run Mengding Farm

-

-

1959

10.4

1985

47.69

Harvest area of 85.87 hectares

Yunnan Province began to develop coffee production in the mid-1950s, mainly planted in Shuangjiang Farm and Dehong Sub-Bureau Experimental Station in Lincang area, covering an area of 18.67 hectares, and also planted in small areas such as Chaofang, Hekou, Lujiang, Jinghong and Olive Dam. Because the local environment is suitable for coffee growth, since 1957, the farms have developed in a large area, and the first and most wonderful part in the history of Yunnan agricultural reclamation coffee planting has appeared. In 1960, the planting area of the whole reclamation area reached 2186.67 hectares, accounting for about 60% of the planting area of the province and about 4 "5" of the national cultivated area.

During the first peak period from 1952 to 1961, the coffee planting area in China was mainly in Hainan Island and Yunnan Province, with a total area of 5066.67 hectares, of which Hainan Island was 1426.67 hectares (cultivated variety is Robesta). Yunnan is 3644 hectares, of which 2186.67 hectares are cultivated in Yunnan, accounting for about 60%. The rural area of the province is 1457.33 hectares, accounting for about 40% (the cultivated variety is Arabika).