Basic knowledge of Coffee A good cup of coffee requires good skill

In the final analysis, coffee is a kind of agricultural product, and drinking coffee must start with raw coffee beans.

The Espresso boiled at the ideal water temperature is very deep reddish brown, and the foam on the surface will have dark brown spots (the Italians call it "el tigre"), and the foam should be more than 4mm thick.

* match *

Generally speaking, large coffee beans can produce better coffee. In the case that the quality of coffee beans has been fully assured, the first technical problem to be solved is "blending". "blending" refers to the selection of coffee beans of different origin and quality to achieve the desired results. The "matching Technology School" believes that 50% of the success factors of a perfect Espresso depend on the composition and quality of the match. No single-origin coffee can fully achieve the taste required by Espresso. Coffee beans from African and Arab coffee trees are characterized by complexity, large amount of berries and floating aroma, while coffee from Latin America is clean, strong and refreshing, while coffee from Southeast Asia is characterized by full fruit and earthy flavor. Many coffees are a mixture of several types of coffee, making the taste more complex.

A perfect match is not a random mix of several boutique coffee beans. The basic blending process is to first determine the benchmark beans, then add coffee beans that can increase flavor and special flavor, and form a blend of coffee according to the mixing proportion and roasting degree of all kinds of beans. Raw beans for blending should have their own characteristics to avoid similar flavor. The quantity and proportion of coffee beans depends on continuous attempts, so most of them draw up a matching schedule by mathematical combination before blending, and then determine the best plan through the process of assembling cups.

Bake before matching, or match before baking? This has always been a topic of debate between bakers and assemblers. As with wine, blending before baking can make the aroma and quality more uniform, but the "decay" of roasting must be taken into account, as coffee from different places requires different baking time and temperature. If you have a definite recipe, you can put different coffee beans together and then bake them together. Most long-established coffee makers have their own secret recipes.

In contrast to the "blending technology school", the "baking technology school" believes that the taste of coffee depends 80% on roasting. Regardless of the percentage data, whether you are particular about the degree of "roasting" and whether you bake it yourself, this has indeed become an important indicator to verify the identity of a coffee glutton. "roasting" refers to roasting the raw coffee beans with a special machine to make the coffee beans show a unique brown color, aroma and taste. The key point is to "stir-fry" the inside and outside of the beans evenly without being overburnt. A series of chemical changes occur during baking: moisture decreases from 10% to 1%, fat from 12% to 16%, sugar from 10% to 2%, chlorogenic acid from 7% to 4% to 5%, and nitride from 12% to 14%. The physical change is: water loss, weight reduction of 10% to 15%, volume increase of 60%.

A vivid analogy is: "the roaster is a machine between a popcorn machine and a clothes dryer." The temperature in a large industrial baking bucket can reach 288 degrees Celsius, and the coffee beans first turn yellow and smell like popcorn. After about 8 minutes, it began to snap and expand, and when the temperature reached 204 degrees Celsius, the coffee beans began to turn brown and the oil began to spill out. The spilled oil is called "caffeine" or "caffeine", and the chemical reaction between calories and caffeine is called "pyrolysis", which produces a strong coffee flavor. In another 3 to 5 minutes, there will be another snapping sound in the machine, and the color of the coffee will soon change to a dark color, indicating that it has been baked. When the preset baking temperature is reached, cold air can be used to stop baking. The well-roasted coffee beans have no wrinkles on the surface and the gloss is symmetrical, which fully demonstrates its unique flavor. If you are too impatient at the beginning of baking, there will be spots on the bean skin and the taste will become bitter and choking.

Generally, roasting is divided into shallow, medium and deep degrees, and the baking time varies depending on the type of coffee required. The light roasted coffee beans are light and sour, the intermediate roasting is sour and bitter, and the deep roasting color is rich and bitter. The lighter the roasting degree is, the stronger the sour taste of the coffee bean is, the deeper the baking degree is, the sour taste is gradually lost, and the bitterness is heavier. Professional baking methods are usually divided into the following eight stages: very shallow baking (Light Roast), shallow baking (Cinnamon Roast), micro baking (Medium Roast), medium baking (High Roast), medium and deep baking (CictyRoast), deep baking (Full-City Roast), very deep baking (French Roast) and very deep baking (Italian Roast). Deep baking, also known as "Italian baking", is mainly popular in Latin countries and is considered to be the most suitable for Espresso. The color of the very deep-roasted coffee beans is black, and the oil has infiltrated to the surface, so it has a bitter taste of carbon ash, and the mellowness is significantly reduced.