Cultivation techniques of small-grain coffee: irrigation and fertilization

irrigation

Coffee planting areas in Yunnan Province can be divided into rainy season and dry season. Irrigation in the dry season, especially in the flowering period, can ensure the normal growth and flowering of coffee plants, improve the fertility rate, and achieve high yield.

Fertilizer application

Fertilization is one of the key measures to achieve high yield of cultivated coffee. According to data, for every kilogram of dried beans harvested, coffee trees absorb 70 grams of nitrogen (equivalent to 600 grams of ammonium sulfate), 14 grams of phosphorus (equivalent to 110 grams of calcium superphosphate) and 76 grams of potassium (equivalent to 200 grams of potassium chloride) from the soil. The amount of fertilizer needed is not much, but coffee trees have to grow a large number of branches and leaves, stems and roots every year, which consume a lot of nutrients. There are shade tree absorption and soil fixation, soil erosion and so on also need to consume some fertilizer. Therefore, the fertilization of coffee is very important.

After planting, ① was fertilized combined with plastic surgery.

The fertilization of young coffee trees is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, while appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Human and animal manure and green leaf retting fertilizer also have a good effect on the growth of young coffee trees. Coffee seedlings can be fertilized for the first time two months after planting, and then once every 1-2 months. If applying human and animal feces and urine, it should be retted and used after being diluted with water in the proportion of 1 ∶ 3, 5 kg per plant, water and fertilizer had better be applied in dry season, ammonium sulfate can be added to retting fertilizer, and 150 grams of ammonium sulfate can be mixed with each load of retting fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer (nitrogen, potash fertilizer) can also be applied in a shallow trench 15 cm outside the canopy after rain, 15-25 grams per plant. The principle of frequent and thin application should be grasped in the fertilization of young coffee.

Coffee trees were fertilized during the fruiting period of ②.

In the case of better management, the coffee began to bear fruit in the third year after planting. The fertilization of adult coffee fruit trees should be mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, and properly combined with phosphorus fertilizer and other elements. The effect of applying potash fertilizer from July to August is the best. Fruit trees are generally fertilized five times a year, once in February to March (flowering stage), April to May (young fruit stage), July to September (fruit filling period), October to November and December to January of the following year. The annual application of organic fertilizer or compost is 1520kg, urea 250g 500g, calcium superphosphate 150g 500g, calcium superphosphate 150g 250g, potassium chloride 150g 200g.