Cultivation technique of small-grain coffee: integral pruning

Single-stem plastic surgery

Single trunk plastic surgery is a method of cultivating a trunk, using the primary branch as the backbone branch and the secondary and tertiary branches as the main fruiting branch. Single-stem plastic surgery usually takes the measure of removing the top to remove the terminal bud and promote the growth of branches. ① one-time topping method: when the coffee tree is 1.5-1.7 meters high, cut off the terminal bud. There are also those who reached the top at 1.8 to 2.2 meters high. ② multiple topping method: two times and three times. Second topping: the first topping was carried out when the tree was 1-1.2 meters high. After the first branch was fully developed, a strong direct branch was selected as the continuous trunk. When the growth reached 80-90 cm, the second topping was carried out, and no straight branches were left after topping. Keep the height of the tree about 1.7-1.8 meters. If the top is removed three times, the height of the first top is 0.81m, the second height is 1.2m, and the third height is 1.6m. The direction of the continuous trunk retained after each topping should be opposite to that of the last one, and the balance of the crown should be maintained.

Take off the top

The top should be removed around May of the second or third year after planting. When topping, it is necessary to retain 3-4 pairs of primary branches from the beginning of the year to May.

Off-top tree management

After topping, the direct branches of the trunk should be removed in time, and the secondary and tertiary branches should be pruned.

The following branches should be cut off: branches growing within 15 cm of the first branch near the stem; branches that grow upward, inward, and downward in the wrong direction; senescent, drooping, slender branches; branches with diseases and insect pests; excessive branches growing on the same branch and node. Generally, 7 branches and 8 secondary branches should be retained on each first branch. After the second branch is drawn out, the first branch is old and cannot bear fruit, so the first branch should be cut short where the second branch grows at the apex.

Multi-dry integer type

Multi-dry shaping is a method of shaping using the first-order branch as the main fruiting branch. The purpose of plastic surgery is to cultivate multiple trunks and grow a large number of robust primary branches, and the multi-trunk trees will not be topped. As a result, when the yield decreases after 3-5 years, the new trunk will be replaced.