Technical guidance for the cultivation of small-grain coffee

Small-grain coffee is a shrub of Rubiaceae, which is suitable for planting in areas with an annual average temperature of 19 ℃ ~ 21 ℃ and an altitude of 800-1400m. It has the advantages of fast plant growth, early fruit and high yield.

Land selection and preparation

Should choose a deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, clean wind, sufficient light and shade trees, annual rainfall of 700 to 1600 mm, slope of less than 30 degrees, planting at a height of 2 to 3 meters. During reclamation, planting ditches with a depth of 60 cm and a width of 70 cm were dug, and sufficient base fertilizer was applied. Reclaim the contour platform and the backfilling of the planting ditch (hole) 2-3 months before planting. Pay attention to leaving an appropriate amount of shade trees when reclamation.

Variety selection

P3, p4 and 7963 in the Katie film series are superior, with good wind resistance, drought resistance, high yield, good quality and resistance to rust. PT is also good, but it requires higher soil fertility. In the case of multi-dry shaping, the row spacing is generally 2 × 3 m or 2.5 × 3 m, and that of single dry shaping is 1.2 × 1.5 × 2 m or 2 × 2 m. Generally speaking, the soil is fertile, the annual rainfall is high, and the species with high management level can be sparse. For coffee intercropping with coconut, betel nut, rubber or other crops, the row spacing can be determined according to the requirements of intercropping.

Timely planting

It is usually planted at the onset of the rainy season every year. If the bare roots are planted, the seedlings should be fully hydrated the day before digging. After the seedlings are dug up, the leaves should be cut off. Seedlings are best planted as they are dug. If they are to be transported far away or cannot be planted immediately, apply mud roots and put them in a cool place. Those who raise seedlings in plastic bags should cut through the plastic bags and put the seedlings into the planting hole. Do not make the soil in the bags loose, so as not to hurt the roots. The planting depth is the same as the original depth of the seedlings, and the lateral roots should be naturally stretched, pressed back to the soil, and covered with water and grass immediately after planting.

Shade

The degree of shade should vary according to different cultivation environments and varieties. When planted in tropical high-altitude areas and valleys and basins with high mountains on or around the east and west, the shade may be small or not; when growing coffee on the west slope with low humidity, strong winds, long dry seasons and strong light, the shade should be appropriately larger. The required shade is 25% to 30%. General shade requirements: 60% to 70% in seedling stage, 40% to 50% in front of fruit after planting, and 20% to 40% in peak period.

The shade tree species should have the conditions of fast growth, evergreen, sparse branches and leaves, deep main roots, few lateral roots, strong wind resistance and so on. At present, Taiwan Acacia, cherry, southwest birch and lampstand are better shade trees. The planting density of shade trees should be determined according to the size of their crowns. One can be planted every 2-3 rows and 4-5 trees between rows of coffee trees.

Shade trees are best planted in advance, and coffee trees are not planted until they can have a shade effect. Temporary shade crops can also be planted between the rows of coffee trees, such as pigeonpeas, edamame beans, pig poop beans, Tianqing and so on, which can be cut down when the permanent shade trees work.

Temporary shade trees should be thinned year by year according to different growth stages of coffee, permanent shade trees should cut off branches less than 2 meters, so as not to affect the normal growth of coffee trees, and less shade should be retained in the fruiting period, about 25% to 30%. Excess shade trees should be cut down, leaving 10 trees per mu.