The origin of coffee and when was it introduced into China?

The word "coffee" comes from the Greek word "Kaweh", which means "strength and passion".

Coffee tree is an evergreen shrub of Capsaceae. Daily coffee is made from coffee beans combined with a variety of cooking utensils, and coffee beans refer to the nuts in the fruit of coffee trees, which are then roasted with appropriate roasting methods.

In ancient China, Shennong tasted all kinds of herbs and recorded them one by one, so that later generations could have a systematic understanding of many plants. There is no such person as Shennong in the western world, let alone any written record, so there are different legends about the origin of coffee. Among them, the most common and popular story is the story of the shepherd.

Legend has it that there was a shepherd who happened to find his sheep jumping and dancing while herding sheep. If you look carefully, it turns out that the sheep ate a kind of red fruit that led to their funny behavior. He tried to pick some of these red fruits to boil, but the room was full of fragrance, and the juice was even more refreshing and refreshing after drinking it. Since then, this fruit has been used as a refreshing drink and has been well received.

In ancient times, Arabs first dried and boiled coffee beans and drank the juice as stomach medicine, thinking that it could help digestion. Later, it was found that coffee also had a refreshing effect, and because Muslims strictly prohibited drinking, coffee was used instead of alcoholic beverages as a refreshing drink. After the 15th century, Muslims who made pilgrimages to the holy land of Mecca brought coffee back to their places of residence, and coffee gradually spread to Egypt, Syria, Iran, Turkey and other countries.

The entry of coffee into Europe should be attributed to the Ottoman Empire of Turkey at that time. Because the coffee-loving Ottoman army marched westward to Europe and was stationed there for several years, when the army finally withdrew, it left a large number of supplies, including coffee beans. People in Vienna and Paris were able to develop European coffee culture based on these coffee beans and the cooking experience gained from the Turks.

The war was originally occupied and destroyed, but it unexpectedly brought about cultural exchange and even integration, which was unexpected by the rulers. Coffee culture matured in Europe. In the early sixteenth century, coffee spread to Europe. King Clement VIII of France at that time once said: "although it is the devil's drink, it is delicious." It is a pity that this kind of drink is only monopolized by pagans. Therefore, it is accepted that Christians can also drink coffee.

There were countless coffee houses in England, and only men could enter at that time. Coffee is very popular in gentlemen's social places. Men talk a lot about politics, literature, business and other issues here, and some of them don't even go home. As a result, in 1674, many housewives petitioned to close the coffee shop. Coffee culture has a profound impact on the citizens of Paris, and a large number of coffee shops on street corners have also begun to grow. In countless coffee salons, new literature, philosophy and art all appeared, during which countless thinkers and philosophers were born, such as Balzac Luling and so on. Intellectuals continue to gather and are famous for gathering in the intellectual coffee salon to talk.

ESPRESSO began to appear in Italian espresso, causing a change in the way coffee is consumed. Coffee is becoming more and more popular, so more and more people are interested in cultivating coffee. A 13th century manufacturer who brought coffee cherries everywhere and planted them. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the French admiral de? Crewe used his own drinking water on the ship to irrigate the coffee seedlings in buckets and then planted them on the French island of Marchinique.

Before long, coffee spread to Central and South America, and coffee cultivation expanded to all parts of the world.

Chinese people began to taste and drink coffee during the Tongzhi period. In the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866), Mrs. Gopiti, an American missionary in Shanghai, published a book on making Foreign Rice, which was written for foreigners who came to China to eat western food and train Chinese cooks and cooks. In addition to translating coffee into "fattening", the book also teaches the methods of making and cooking coffee: "roasting and fattening in a fierce fire, shoveling frequently, so as not to scorch it black." Bake well, add a little cream while it is hot, cover it in a covered bottle, and roll it when you want to use it. ③ first talked about roasting and roasting coffee beans. When you want to boil a drink, crush it and cook it immediately. Later, we will talk about how to add water to make coffee and so on. But it doesn't talk about adding sugar. There may be some omissions. Those who are trained by foreigners to cook western food and brew coffee are mostly employed Chinese, and they inevitably do not have a sip of coffee because of their work needs. When foreigners eat western food and drink coffee in China, they sometimes invite Chinese officials and their Chinese acquaintances to eat and drink. It can be seen that some Chinese people have tasted coffee during the Tongzhi period. The emergence of operational cafes in China was probably at the end of the Qing Dynasty. According to Xu Ke, a man at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, "drinking coffee: there are coffee shops in Europe and the United States, just like teahouses in China." It is also available in Tianjin and Shanghai, and it is also imitated by the Chinese. Concurrently sell candy to drink. Xu Ke's book takes a lot of notes from the Qing Dynasty, and it can be inferred that the things mentioned appeared at the end of the Qing Dynasty. However, this book was published a little later than the China University Dictionary, so it is difficult to tell which book uses the word "coffee" first. However, the first to be printed in type is the Chinese Dictionary. It can be seen that coffee shops attached to cafes or hotels and guesthouses generally appeared in major cities in the Republic of China.