What are the main types of coffee beans?

Main species of coffee trees: Arabica species

The first is Arabica beans, which account for 70% of the world's output. The world-famous Blue Mountain Coffee and Mocha Coffee are almost all Arabica. The other is the Robasta species, which is native to the Congo in Africa and accounts for about 20% to 30% of the world's output. Different varieties of coffee beans have different tastes, but even the same varieties of coffee trees have their own unique flavor due to the influence of different soil and climate. The other two species are Liberian species and Esselsa species.

The shape of the bean is small, the front is long oval, the middle crack is narrow and tortuous, and the arc on the back of the bean is flat.

Arabica coffee is grown in Brazil and Colombia in South America, Central America, Costa Rica in the Caribbean, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico and Ethiopia. Arabica coffee beans are large, uniform in size and glossy in color. Coffee beans that are generally familiar to everyone, such as Santos in Brazil, Mantenin in Sumatra, Yemenmoka and the Blue Mountains in Jamaica, are all high-quality coffee beans grown in Arabica.

Arabica coffee is more difficult to grow, they like mild days and colder nights, too cold, too hot, too humid climate can be fatal to it. Coffee trees in Arabica need to be planted on sloping slopes at high altitude. they grow luxuriantly in the highlands (600-1800 meters) and require special climatic conditions-the average temperature throughout the year is about 20 degrees Celsius and there is plenty of rainfall without frost.

Only more than 50 countries in the world have such conditions, all of which are about 160 kilometers north and south of the equator. Its harvesting must be carried out manually, which is more difficult. However, due to the excellent aroma, balanced taste and low caffeine content of Arabica coffee beans, the actual planting amount accounts for about 70% of the total coffee planting.

The caffeine content of Arabica is relatively low, which is only about half of that of Robasta, so its price is higher.

The main species of coffee trees: Robasta species

The bean shape is larger, the front is gradually round, the back is round and convex, and the crack is straight.

Robasta coffee trees are native to Madagascar in central and western Africa and Indonesia in Asia, and account for about 20% to 30% of the world's output. Robasta coffee tree is suitable for planting in the lowlands below 500 meters above sea level, has strong adaptability to the environment, can resist bad climate, resist diseases and insect pests, and does not need much artificial care during soil preparation, weeding and pruning. It can be allowed to grow in the wild, and it is a kind of coffee tree that is easy to cultivate.

But its finished product tastes more bitter than Arabica, its caffeine content is higher, and its quality is much lower, so it is mostly used to make instant (instant) coffee. Since it is mainly produced in Africa, most Africans drink robastian coffee.