Species and cultivation techniques of Coffee trees

Variety classification editor

Arabica coffee trees can be divided into two main varieties: Arabica (Coffea Arabica)

Coffea Robusta/Coffea Canephora. There are also minor species, such as Coffea Liberica and Coffea Arabusta, which are rarely seen on the market.

Robusta beans Robusta coffee trees can grow on flat ground, are more resistant to disease, and yield more. Compared to Arabica beans, Robusta beans are round in shape, with a slightly swollen side in the middle and straight grooves reminiscent of soybeans, while Arabica beans are longer, with zigzag grooves, a bit like half a peanut.

Robusta beans generally taste poorer, caffeine content is 2 to 3 times that of Arabica beans, cheap, mostly for the production of large coffee industry instant coffee or low-cost products. Arabica coffee trees are suitable for growing on fertile slopes with good drainage at altitudes of about 1,000 to 2,000 meters. The climate for growth cannot be too humid, but it still needs continuous rainy seasons and abundant rainfall.

requirements

The origin of coffee trees [4] is Ethiopia in Africa. Coffee tree in botany, belongs to the Rubiaceae coffee subgenus evergreen tree, and generally known as coffee beans, in fact, coffee tree fruit seeds, only because of the shape like beans, so called coffee beans. Climate is the decisive factor for coffee cultivation. Coffee trees are only suitable for growing in tropical or subtropical regions, so the zone between north and south latitudes is generally called coffee belt or coffee area. However, not all the land in this area can produce good coffee trees.

conditions

The ideal planting conditions for coffee trees are: a temperature climate between 15 and 25 ° C, and

coffee trees

coffee trees

Rainfall throughout the year must reach 1500~2000 mm, and its rainfall time, to match the flowering cycle of coffee trees. Of course, in addition to seasonal rainfall, there must be fertile soil and good drainage. Fertile soil containing pozzolanic ash. In addition, although sunlight is an indispensable element for coffee growth and fruit, too strong sunlight will inhibit the growth of coffee trees, so various producing areas usually cooperate with planting some shade trees. The ideal altitude is between 500 and 2000 meters. [2]

It can be seen that the conditions for cultivating high-quality coffee are quite strict: sunlight, rainfall, soil, temperature, and the way coffee beans are harvested and produced will affect the quality of the coffee itself.